1946
After three months in the Sales Department, I was transferred to the
Accounts Department.
It was January 1946. One advantage of the new location was that it was
nearer to the bus park and to the Cottage Cafe in the Arcade. Uncle Bob,
Mum's younger brother worked in a Colchester Printing Works and also ate
there. I saw him sometimes but he seldom spoke, always being deep in his
newspaper when not eating. When I wanted a change, I had some fish and
chips in one of the small cafes surrounding the bus park. The fish
portions were small, always the same kind of indeterminate, bony fish
covered in greasy batter. If I had any time to spare after lunch, I dived
into the library. As a worker in Colchester, I was entitled to two general
tickets plus one non-fiction ticket. I was beginning to prefer non-fiction
to novels.
On my first day in Accounts, I realised what "weighing the work" meant.
About twenty teen-age girls sat in rows, the oldest being about twenty. We
sorted telephone tickets for operator-connected calls made from southern
East Anglian Exchanges. This meant Colchester, Ipswich and most villages
in Essex and Suffolk. These tickets were hand-written giving length of
call, distance and price. Only very local calls were automatic and
registered by a metering system. We were required to sort one pound of
tickets in one hour. We weighed our batch of tickets when completed and
filled the weight and time taken for sorting on to a daily timesheet.
Sometimes girls were queuing to weigh their work on the one set of scales.
"Ridiculous!" a modern worker would exclaim.
This work was less interesting than filing in the Sales Department.
The girls were not encouraged to talk. I did not find any of my peers from
Colchester Grammar School on the staff. Instead the girls came from "lower
streams" though some had been to the grammar school.
In charge was Miss Frost, a woman of about 50. At first I failed the
grades, which meant failing to sort one pound of tickets into numerical
order within an hour. This was before I learnt the tricks of the trade,
when filling out a time sheet, for a week including seven hours each day
and four hours on Saturday. We were allowed 1/4 hour each day for
"queries" and 1/4 hour for "sundries". This would no doubt be called
"creative accounting" in today's world, for the time was allocated even if
I had no genuine queries, but simply could not sort enough tickets in time.
After a month I was given meter books and an adding machine in another
room for part of my time. As I was quick with figures and could work out
percentages quickly and accurately, I could complete a Meter Book in two
and a half hours instead of the three hours allowed. This was another
opportunity to "gain time" during the week and atone for my clumsy fingers
and slowness on the ticket-sorting job.
Miss Frost was firm but kind. She liked me and congratulated me on my
work with meter books. Soon I had more variety in my work.
When another person, an older married woman, was away sick, I was
allowed to "fill in" for her. She had a table to herself. Sitting there
made me feel important. Her job was called merging. This meant merging
seven separate batches of tickets for each exchange. Some exchange names
remain in my memory, such as Nacton, Diss and Saxmundham, places I have
never visited. In the smaller villages most calls were made from the
General Practitioner's house, doctors being resident even in quite small
villages.
Once a quarter bills were sent out. Preparing these, folding them and
stuffing envelopes was done in a separate room. I was considered for
transfer to this section, in particular operating the addressograph. I
liked machinery and was glad to spend time with Gloria, a young woman in
her twenties, who was in charge of this instrument which had a room to
itself. Each metal plate had to be correctly aligned and a button pressed,
following which the machine would make a loud clatter and one printed
envelope or form would be ejected. The machine then had to be opened and
the next plate inserted. It was mechanical but hardly automatic.
Unfortunately, I was clumsy with my fingers and had difficulty aligning
the plates accurately. This may have been the reason for being taken off
this job. I was disappointed as I thought with a little more practice, I
would be satisfactory. I wanted to be in charge of something and have a
room to myself. I was 18 years old then and thought I should be doing
something better than ticket sorting and told my mother about my
disappointment.
"Perhaps they don't think you are old enough for the responsibility,"
she said.
I thought I was quite old enough and that the job did not carry much
responsibility. These machines have long since disappeared on to the
scrap-heap of history and even senior managers often don't have their own
rooms in modern open-plan offices. In Colchester, which was still old-
fashioned in 1994, the buildings of the Telephone Accounts Department
possessed a warren of small rooms, as well as one large room where the most
routine work like ticket-sorting was done. I have always felt more
comfortable in such solid Victorian buildings than in modern offices.
My evenings were free and in Spring 1946, I looked for some evening
classes, especially as a late 9.30 pm bus arriving home at ten in the
evening had just been put into service. I felt that I could go without my
evening meal until late quite easily, if I had a good hot meal at lunch-
time in the Cottage Cafe.
I found some evening classes in chemistry which took place twice a
week. They were introducing us to practical work in analysis. There were
no books and we had to copy out all instructions from the blackboard on to
plain paper. I was not sure what I was doing and did not learn the
principles behind the chemical groups until years later.
In the meantime, I was delighted to pour one liquid into another, get a
white precipitate and say "Sulphate is present".
I had not been attending these classes for more than three weeks before
my father raised objections.
He said, "You are making yourself too tired. You can't do a day's work
and then attend classes at night."
I protested that these evening classes were the most interesting part
of my life. They were what I looked forward to all week, and did not make
me tired in any way. Nevertheless, I had to give them up rather than be
shouted at by Dad. My mother thought I ought to be able to continue with
the classes.
"If it makes her come in so bright and cheerful, why shouldn't she
continue with them?" she said.
But she lost the argument and I had to give in to pressure.
The classes were mixed and I met boys there, unlike the segregated
Telephone Accounts Department, staffed entirely by women, except for a few
managers, tucked away in separate rooms, who rarely visited us. But I was
not interested in meeting boys. I wanted to learn chemistry and have a
career in it. In those days it was accepted that women were not able to
have a career (as opposed to casual work) and get married as well. I
accepted the received wisdom and decided that I did not want to get
married. In any case, I did not have much opportunity to meet boys,
especially as I had to give up my evening classes in chemistry. I did not
want to go dancing, being too awkward for this kind of activity.
As my classes were frowned upon, I decided to study advanced
mathematics instead, and ordered a correspondence course to study at home.
This was expensive. When the books arrived, I realised that I did not have
the stamina to study alone at this stage. Mathematics never attracted me
as much as the practical sciences. The books were oriented towards
engineering students, which was another reason that I found them dull. I
wished to work in a chemical laboratory or possibly in physics.
In the meantime I continued to go to the cinema in Colchester on
Saturdays afternoons, always alone. One day, I asked Mum if she would meet
me in Colchester for the afternoon, and promised to treat her to lunch and
a film. Dad would wait until evening for a hot meal, and probably visit
the pub at lunch-time.
Mum met me after work on Saturday in the Arcade and lunch in the
Cottage Cafe was successful. But as soon as she stepped outside, an asthma
attack started and she worried about how to walk back down the Arcade. She
stood in a shop door-way and puffed on the inhaler for ten minutes, which
worried me.
She said, "I should never have come out. I will not try this again,"
and this upset me more than ever.
Eventually, she recovered enough to walk to the bus-park and we went
home without going to the pictures. I was very disappointed as I wanted so
much to take Mum out somewhere, because she stayed in all the time, had no
money to spend on herself, and her life seemed incredibly dull. The only
pleasure she got came from reading library books, obtained from the van
which visited Lawford once per month and deposited a limited selection of
books at Ogilvie Hall, which was about a quarter of an hour's walk away
from us, on the road to Colchester. The Colchester bus passed by it.
My mother was becoming weaker. I did the weekly shopping whenever I
could on Saturday afternoons. If I was at the cinema, Dad did this.
However when the warmer weather came Mum was able to do the shopping
herself from Cookson's, a corner shop where we were rationed for groceries.
It was a mere five minutes walk from our house. Meat was delivered once a
week, and we had the doorstep milk delivery. Milk was still unrationed;
likewise green vegetables, but we rarely bought these, growing most of our
greenstuff and potatoes in the long back garden. It was a busy life for
all of us.
The boiler was lighted once a week for our baths. This was very
temperamental. Only my father knew how to get it going and sometimes he
had to be coaxed into lighting it, as he did not always feel like doing all
these odd jobs.
I bought the bean seeds with my own money as he told us he was not
going to buy any seed this year, so that meant he had to grow them for me.
I was very fond of scarlet runner beans and always said that if my plate
could be full of these beans and nothing else I would not mind. Mum would
not actually let me try this!
A month or two passed and our supervisors suggested that anyone
interested should take the Civil Service Examinations. I had not heard of
these, but thought that if I could not study chemistry at this time, I
should give them a trial. There were two examinations (for Clerical
Assistant and Clerical Officer) under the Reconstruction Regulations. They
were primarily meant for Servicemen and women who had been demobilised.
The age limits (up to age 30) were wider than for normal Civil Service
Examinations, for which, at 18, I was already too old.
We were given one afternoon off from work to attend compulsory
lectures. My father could not say that I was making myself tired doing
this, as it took place during working hours. So in June 1946, I sat for
both the Clerical Assistant and Clerical Examinations. These examinations
were quite straightforward tests in English and arithmetic. We had to wait
six weeks for our results.
The hot summer days made our family happier as my mother's health
improved. We even had a day out together fishing from the local river bank
near Flatford. Rex the dog had a riotous bath with soap and warm water in
a tin tub on the back lawn. I grew some geums and sweet williams for the
flower border. The sweet williams were successful; but the geums were
uprooted from my seed tray by Rex, the dog before I had the chance to plant
them out. That day Rex was in the dog-house!
Our enjoyment and relaxation was short-lived. Dad returned from his
week's work at Edme Maltings feeling unwell. He passed the whole of
Saturday night in agony, with intense moaning and groaning. Mum decided
that this was an emergency. It was early Sunday morning, hardly 7 am. Mum
asked me to go to Cookson's the corner shop to phone for an ambulance. I
had to go to the back door of their private house and knock until they
answered. When I explained the situation, Mr Cookson, our local grocer got
out of bed and made the call himself, and I went home to wait.
It may have been half an hour before the ambulance arrived to take Dad
to Colchester Hospital. He had an emergency operation that same day, so we
were glad that we had summoned help in time.
My mother had been having rows with Dad only a week before. She had
been shouted at for having an asthma attack, and about the shortage of
money, or for some other reason; always about misfortunes that came to our
family, which she could not help. When Dad was like that we both said,
"Oh, we wish he was back in the army".
But now Mum thought he was going to die and she said, "Well, we don't
want him to die, do we? He is not really a bad chap".
We had the news that the operation had been successful, and that kidney
failure had been prevented. We both visited him in hospital. He was now
sitting up in bed, giving us the details of his operation.
"There was a cyst on my left kidney, and it had to be drained," he
said. "It was a very clever operation. They saved the kidney, so I have
still got two kidneys."
We were very pleased to hear this.
The drawback was that Dad was now unemployed again, drawing minimum
sick pay temporarily. He had decided that the work at Edme Maltings was
becoming too heavy for him, and decided not to go back to it.
For a time he entertained the thought of training as a cinema
projectionist, but my mother and I laughed this idea out of court.
"They only want 18-year olds for training", we said. "Why should they
consider someone of your age?" He was now 49.
At last he had a piece of luck. He wrote to the Army Ordnance Corps in
Colchester asking if they required any civilian workers. He was accepted
as Temporary Clerk, Grade 3, attached to the same depot in which he had
served as a soldier while in Colchester. It was an ideal job for him. It
was even better because he was now attached to The Royal Electrical and
Mechanical Engineers (REME) which was his favourite regiment. He regarded
this as a step up from the Ordnance Corps.
His job was to issue parts from the stores, and soon he knew the
specifications of every nut, bolt and screw as well as more complex items.
The same week he started this work, I had the results of my Civil
Service Examinations. I had passed both the Clerical Assistant and
Clerical Officer examinations with flying colours. The Clerical Officer was
the superior grade, so I was offered a post in this grade. I could not
choose which department to which I would be assigned, but was asked to list
the towns of my choice. I put Colchester at the top of the list and Ipswich
second. Ipswich was a longer journey from our house. It meant three-
quarters of an hour each way on the bus, and a good twenty minutes walk to
the bus stop, including a steep hill.
Autumn 1946
Mostly it is the snow which I remember. The winter of 1946/1947 was the
severest I had experienced either in London or East Anglia.
Snow covered the ground from about November and it did not begin to
melt until the following March.
Mother had advised me not to put Ipswich on my list but to stick to
Colchester only, but I had been afraid that there would not be a vacancy in
Colchester for an established Clerical Officer in the Civil Service.
My heart sank a little when I was assigned to the Ministry of National
Insurance in Ipswich. I had to be out of the house by 7.30 am each
morning, so I was very glad that Dad was waking me up at 6.30 with tea. As
he stood and waited for the Colchester bus, I would start walking down
Cox's Hill to catch the Ipswich bus near Manningtree Station, outside a
Farmer's Co-operative Office. I often wondered what sort of work they did
in there. To begin with the walk was pleasant. September air was balmy
and I never once missed the 8 am bus. I arrived at the office just before 9
am, so the other staff were pleased. On my first day, I was introduced to
our manager, called Mr Freear. He had a separate room and the principal
event of my day was being taught to make his tea. He had a silver tray, a
tea-pot with a silver cover, two cups, and a separate sugar bowl and milk-
jug which was filled freshly each day, from the bottle left on the step of
the office.
The four clerks in the office took turns in doing this. The other main
job was keeping the coal fire in the outer office well banked-up.
What dismayed me was the lack of work. The post came each morning and
was opened by the clerk who had worked there the longest. She was engaged
to be married to someone called Geoff and kept talking about him. Then
there was a daily squabble about who should do the small amount of work
available. This was an absolute contrast from my experience in the
Telephone Accounts Department which had always been overflowing with work.
The Clerical Officers were Barbara, Eileen, myself and Mr Frindle.
Somehow it was the custom to call junior women by their first names and
junior men more formally. But the manager always called me Miss Martin. I
never heard him use a first name.
Mr Frindle, recently demobilised from the Forces was about 25.
Surprisingly he was an expert typist and could type at about 50 words per
minute, an astonishing speed on the manual typewriters of that period. I
could type only with two fingers, so I did not get any of that work.
Eileen was the official typist. There was only enough work to keep her
occupied for half a day, so as she had been there for two years, and Mr
Frindle had only just arrived, he did not get much typing to do.
We talked a lot to pass the time.
Mr Freear wanted his old staff to continue to do the routine work, so
Mr Frindle and I had very little to do. We were given about thirty
different information sheets to study by Mr Freear, who told us he would
set an informal examination for the two of us in about three months' time.
Soon we knew those forms almost by heart. The office was boring as we were
not allowed to open a book or read a newspaper, even when we could find
absolutely nothing else to do.
We had to sit and look "busy" in case there were any visitors to the
office.
Tea-break at 11 am was an interesting diversion. Sometimes one of the
two Executive Officers came in for tea. There were two of these, Miss
Tanton a recent University Graduate and Miss Knowles, a woman in her
fifties who had just returned from service in the Indian Civil Service. I
met quite a few senior staff who had returned from India.
India sounded dangerous. Miss Knowles liked to talk about her
experiences there.
"One day," she said, "a rabid dog got into the compound and bit my dog.
Then my dog turned round and bit me. As a precaution, I had to go into
hospital for a full set of injections. These were very painful, being
injections into the stomach.
Then we had to wait six months, to see if we were all right. I was
very lucky, as I was all right. There was someone else there who died. She
stayed in the hospital six months and thought that she was all right as no
symptoms had appeared. Then one day someone brought her a cup of tea and
she could not swallow it. That was the first symptom. It was very sad, as
we all thought she would be all right."
Luckily Miss Knowles stopped talking about that subject, as it was
beginning to upset me. I wondered why the injections did not always
prevent the rabies but did not enquire, as we clerks rarely initiated
conversations with the Executive Officers, but just listened to what they
had to say.
But I did say, " It was lucky that it was your own dog that bit you and
not the strange dog."
When November began and the snows came, I started to wear Wellington
boots to walk through the snow. Dad thought they were the right things to
wear but I did not like them. Inside I wore nothing but thin lisle
stockings and these did nothing to protect my feet against the cold. A
pair of man's socks would have solved the problem, but I did not think of
this, and in any case, they were unobtainable either through convention, or
through lack of even small items of extra clothing. My top coat was warm
enough, and I could walk quickly but my feet started to give me pain, which
did not ease up until I was seated on the bus. In the evenings,
fortunately, I did not have to repeat the walk back up the hill, because a
bus travelling uphill in the direction of Colchester passed by a few
minutes after the Ipswich bus arrived. I was usually home by twenty
minutes to seven. It was a long day. I spent eleven hours out of the
house. The odd thing was that during that time I had not done much actual
work, merely fulfilled bureaucratic requirements.
The new Clerical Officers in the Ministry of National Insurance were
assured that there would be fulfilling work for them once the new National
Insurance Act became law. The trouble was that we had a year to wait. We
had been taken on twelve months in advance in preparation for this new Act.
I became more and more disillusioned with the Civil Service as the year
progressed. Mr Frindle also expressed his disappointment. One day he said,
"When I went home I chopped some wood and that was the only real work I had
done all day. It made me feel better."
Nevertheless, we were getting paid. I don't think I was paid more than
three pounds per week. Fifteen shillings went on bus fares and lunches. I
gave my mother one pound. Ten shillings were deducted for National
Insurance and tax. I had fifteen shillings to spend.
In the lunch hour I
found one of the old Tudor houses converted into a book-shop. It was a most
attractive place to spend time, and occasionally I ventured to buy a book.
My taste was unformed, and the books I bought were sometimes stupid. I
looked at the title and bought a book.
One was called "Your number please". When I got home I found that it
was a book on numerology, which is a kind of superstitious play with
numbers.
But I bought a few books on real science, which were more worthwhile
reading, such as one on recent discoveries, such as
penicillin,
sulphonamides and other drugs.
Then I found the monthly Penguin publication called "Science News".
There was an issue on atomic energy which I found fascinating.
Other issues on varied subjects like electricity and new drugs gave me
basic insights into science and technology.
Usually I had lunch in a commercial cafe, but I no longer had
subsidised lunches, being over 18, so my expenses were higher than when I
used the Cottage Cafe in Colchester.
Sometimes I tried a cheap lunch in a "British Restaurant". These had
been set up in war-time but were still running. The food was very plain
and sometimes unappetising.
I went there principally to see my Aunt Kathy. She worked there. The
system being that one paid for the complete lunch at a desk and received
three or four coloured tokens, for soup, main course, sweet, and tea.
Usually I did not bother with the soup. Aunt Kathy was the person who gave
out the tokens in the Ipswich British Restaurant, She was far too busy to
talk to me, so I went there very seldom. I preferred a more tasty meal.
Though everywhere the food was plain, the vegetables in British
Restaurants were usually overcooked.