Townsend wanted mentally handicapped people to live in small
houses
resembling private housing. A similar position was taken by
the Campaign
for Mentally Handicapped People (CMH), a group started in
1971 in the
belief that people with a mental handicap:
should use the same services as everyone else
This policy of normalising the lives of disadvantaged and
stigmatised
groups has since been called
normalisation. It is the
converse of the
Social Darwinist policy of segregation. Social theory, though not
social
reality, had turned full circle
Scottish mental patients unite
|
See
London
|
Associations of psychiatric patients under other names are older. See
1845 -
28.5.1963
2.8.1971 Lawrence Andrews (40) was sentenced at the Old Bailey to
three years on each of ten counts of indecently assaulting educationally
subnormal boys (aged between 15 and 20) under his supervision when deputy-
warden of the
National Association for Mental Health's Fairhaven Community
Home in Blackheath from 1969 to 1970.
Freedom (Scientology journal)
highlighted the case as evidence that "the NAMH is no fit body to supervise
young people"... "the NAMH wanted to sweep ... scandals under the carpet at
a time when it is embarking on a vast public fund raising campaign (Freedom
September/October 1971 pages 1-2)
|
The changing image of the National Association for Mental Health, which had
appointed
David Ennals as its first Campaigns Director in 1969. Mind and
the
Mind Archive have used this poster (1971?) as the symbol of the
change, which took a few years. The Association became MIND in 1972. The
Mind Capaign lasted three years, culminating in
1973
|
The Mind archive
includes the "original 1971 fundraising booklet. The focus is on the effect
mental health issues can have on people of all ages...
It is the campaign's personal appeal that makes it so successful, the
images of people look like anyone that a 1970s reader could know, a
neighbour, a brother or a friend. As the campaign text urging donations
says: 'your family may be the next in need'".
The
scientologists depicted
David Ennals,
Mary Applebey and
Christopher
Mayhew as manipulating images to fund a lavish life-style
(Freedom
September/October 1971, page 3.)
19.10.1971 2pm
Andrew Roberts visited the MIND CAMPAIGN Exhibition "CRACK
UP" held in a large bell tent in the court yard of St Martin's in the
Fields, and took extensive notes. I spoke to David Ennals, John Paine, and
Mary Appleby. John Paine told me about NAMH press cuttings files kept by
Mrs Ryan who worked Tuesday, Wednesday and Friday. I contacted her and
later spent a lot of time in NAMH offices reading these files.
December 1971: Hospital Services for the Mentally
Ill
This stated that the development of psychiatric methods,
and increase
in psychiatric units, had brought things to a point where it
was thought
possible:
to accelerate developments...towards the eventual replacement
of the large
separate mental hospitals by a service based on general
hospitals"
People go into hospital ... and they are cured
"Psychiatry is to join the rest of medicine... the
treatment of
psychosis, neurosis and schizophrenia have been entirely
changed by the
drug revolution. People go into hospital with mental disorders
and they are
cured, and that is why we want to bring this branch of
medicine into the
scope of the 230 district general hospitals that are planned
for England
and Wales"
This statement is credited to Keith Joseph by
Kathleen
Jones.
It is not in Hansard for 7.12.1971, as referenced, and
(in the
1980s) Keith
Joseph could not recall saying it (which is not surprising).
It may have
been taken from
a newspaper report.
|
Friday 24.12.1971 "Christmas Day in the Nuthouse" edition of Time
Out (guide to London events) gave a detailed preview of
Family Life, along with other material, in a nine page feature
by
Neil Lyndon. Included photograph of a wall with the slogan
"PSYCHIATRY
KILLS".
Kathleen Jones'
A History of the Mental Health Services. See 1955 and 1960
William Ll.
Parry
Jones:
The Trade in Lunacy. A Study of Private
Madhouses in England in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth
Centuries.
Good reading for anyone who wants to know about the range of
private
houses: good and bad, rich and poor etc. I use this
regularly
for the asylums
index
|
possibilities of listening In 1969
Patients and
their hospitals:
a survey of patients' views of life in general hospitals
by Winifred
Raphael had been published. It had used confidential
questionnaires
distributed to patients by participating hospitals. "Many
people doubted
whether psychiatric patients could in a similar way comment on
their
care and surroundings" (A.C.Dale, 1977 Foreword).
Nevertheless,
questionnaires were designed and patients in nine mental
hospitals were
polled, leading to the publication of
Psychiatric hospitals
viewed by
their patients in 1973. Eleven more hospitals sent in
survey results
which were incorporated into the second edition in 1977.
[See
1954,
1957,
1960s,
1966] In the meantime, some
mental patients
felt sufficiently confident to
join and form protests
13.1.1972 The film Family Life told a story of
Janice who, as a
consequence of family conflict, received two types of
psychiatric
treatment. Group therapy helped her, but drugs and
electroconvulsive
therapy broke her spirit. The film (and the television play
that preceded
it) dramatised the theories of
Ronald Laing and David Cooper. The
Paddington Day Hospital Protest involved Family Life in
its campaigning.
This way to previous scandals
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|
THE WHITTINGHAM HOSPITAL REPORT.
|
February 1972:
Whittingham
Hospital,
just outside Preston in Lancashire, had 3,200 beds in 1953 and
2,045 in
1971. It was
one of England's largest mental hospitals, though shrinking as
active
psychiatry was moved to District General Hospitals in Preston.
Allegations
of ill-treatment and the conviction of a male nurse for the
manslaughter of
a patient, led to an inquiry, which reported that for many of
Whittingham's
patients "the therapeutic
revolution of
the 1950s" never happened. Almost
half had no occupation during the day, but sat around
"becoming cabbages".
On one ward, 126 patients were cared for by just six nurses.
Doctors did
not visit long stay wards, but concentrated on acute work and
their work
outside the hospital. The inquiry conclude that the English
mental health
system was dividing into "well staffed 'acute' units and 'long
stay
dumps'".
This way to the next scandal
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|
The establishment of Psychiatric Units in General Hospitals
was also
squeezing out community therapy. Community therapy aimed to
develop patient
self-determination. It was perhaps, not surprising, that
squeezing led to
patients taking part in the protest. See
30.11.1971 -
10.12.1971
3.3.1972: "800 people crowded into a meeting
at Sidney
Webb
college on
3rd March to discuss the threatened closure of the
Paddington Day Clinic, a therapeutic community. The
opening of a
psychiatric unit in a
nearby general hospital has been given by the Regional
Hospital Board as
the reason for making the hospital redundant. The patients and
staff of the
P.D.H. have formed a protest group to oppose this proposal
because they
feel the work done in this hospital is concerned with
increasing the
individuals awareness of the problem rather than blotting out
the symptoms
it may produce". First paragraph of an article signed by Nicky
Road, Anna
Chadwick and Keith Venables in Politics of Psychology
Newsletter
12.3.1972
26.3.1972 Sunday Times "Brain surgery on mental patients
is now causing strong public controversy in America. Dr Peter Breggin, a
Washington psychiatrist, says a second wave of psychosurgery is gaining
momentum around the world. Oliver Gillie reports some disturbing features
of this surgery as it is practised under the National Health Service in
several hospitals in Britain" - "Every year more than 200 mental patients
in Britain have brain operations to blunt their emotions".
Easter Sunday 2.4.1972
Rose Nuttall
on Radio 4 "The World this
Weekend" "After fourteen years of a severe depressive illness, coupled with
anxiety and five years spent in and out of hospital of ECT, psychotherapy
and drugs, I finally had a COMPLETE cure following a prefrontal
leucotomy... sixteen years ago". Rose's story was told alongside that of
"the wife of a man whose operation had failed" [Letter MPU files]
6.5.1972
A letter in the British Medical Journal, from Drs.
S. E. Browne and N. L. Short of Dartford in Kent, stated that many GPs
valued the services of "psychotherapeutic units
such as the
Ingrebourne
Centre
and the
Cassel Hospital when orthodox psychiatry using
physical methods of treatment has completely
failed to be of assistance" and expressed concern that
present "plans for basing
psychiatry in district general hospitals may not
only fail to provide more badly needed facilities
for group psychotherapy, but . . . lead to the
closure of existing centres."
24.9.1972 Sunday Times article "Our
Thalidomide Children: A Cause for National Shame" footnoted that
it would trace how the tragedy occurred in a future article. It was
restrained from doing so by contempt of court proceedings. (See
European Court
Judgement 26.4.1979)
October 1972: Services for Mental Illness Related to Old Age
November 1972 The place to go in London for
encounter groups, and
similar alternative therapies, was called Hole in the Wall. About November
1972, Ken Smith set up an unusual therapy there called "foot massage"
December 1972: A group of people in the London area
produced a
pamphlet on
The Need for a Mental Patients' Union
arguing that
"psychiatry is one of the most subtle methods of repression in
advanced
Capitalist society". This was circulated to psychiatric
hospitals and
various places where ex-patients were likely to congregate,
together with
notices of a meeting to be held during
March 1973
to discuss the formation of a union.
The Future
"The
National Health Service is only 25 years old and the
Mental Health Act
that gives a legal basis to our services was only passed in 1959...
pressure from voluntary association like the
National Association for
Mental Health and the
National Society for Mentally Handicapped Children
has brought about promises for further reforms... Once successful
treatments are proven, the stigma of mental disorder will wither away. Like
tuberculosis, mental disorder will cease to be surrounded by an
aura of
mystery and dread... we need public interest in our work. Public attitudes
are at the root of all the difficulties of psychiatric practice... Only
patients and relatives can tell us what they need at particular times
during the progress of an illness... it is patients themselves who are the
most likely people to influence future developments. Who better to advise
how to make the struggle for sanity easier than the people who have been
through the experience of modern madness and survived it?"
Bill Kenny (Psychiatric Social Worker) and Tony Whitehead (Consultant
Psychiatrist) in the final chapter (The Future) of Insight - A Guide to
Psychiatry and the Psychiatric Services (1973). Library of
Eric Irwin.
|
|
Wednesday 21.3.1973
About 100 people attended a meeting at Paddington Day
Hospital
to discuss
forming a
mental patient's union (MPU).
The majority were patients or ex-patients. Most lived in
London, including
people who had previously formed the
Scottish Union of Mental
Patients. People
were present who had tried to form a Union in Oxford and a
message was
received from another group in Leeds. The MPU was formed with
full
membership reserved for patients and ex-patients.
|
The large attendance was substantially due to an item on
the
Today programme in which Michael Sheils interviewed
Andrew Roberts,
one of the ex-patients involved. Today originally asked
a social
worker to speak. They were told that the speaker for the group
would have
to be a mental patient. We waited a few hours whilst they
decided if they
could risk this.
A working party of some two dozen full members was formed
and not long
after set up office in a London squat. This nucleus was given
the task of
producing a statement of the union's intent and drafting a
proposed
organisational framework for MPU.
"I have done many things in my life which I would not have been allowed to
do if the people concerned had suspected I had mental symptoms. (Until
recently, I kept them to myself). I think that many people could do a lot
more if society let them, and that the more you can achieve, the healthier
you will be."
|
Villa 18B Shenley "My family do not visit me. The last time...
was 1963. An ex-patient who lives locally visits another friend and me most
Sundays."
|
9.6.1973 British Medical Journal "Changing the Patient's
Personality" discussion in "New Horizons in Medical Ethics" series.
Problems related to "drug therapy and psychosurgery".
(online)
|
Autumn 1973 Out of Mind by
David Ennals.
An Arrow action special. London : Arrow Books.
96 pages : illustrated.
"Mental illness is not only to be found in mental hospitals. Every year
tens
of thousands of ordinary people break down under the stress of everyday
life and they and their families have to cope. These are the casualties of
our society. But they are not a race apart."
28.10.1973 to 3.11.1973 "MIND WEEK, the highlight of the MIND
Campaign and te last in a
series of three" (Mind Out Autumn 1973,
p.3.
21.11.1973
Mind AGM at the Royal Institute of British Architects. At the beginning of
November, Mind had moved from 39 Queen Anne , W1M OAJ to (cheaper)
accommodation at 22 Harley Street, W1N 2ED
|
1973
World Federation for Mental Health 25th Anniversary Congress
held
Sydney, Australia with the theme "Cultures in Collision"
Economic crisis and cuts: Community care policies from
1961 to 1972
assumed
continuous economic growth, from which they would be financed.
The Arab-
Israeli war of October 1973, and the Arab oil embargo,
signalled a long
period of economic problems. The (Conservative) government
responded with
drastic cuts in health and welfare capital expenditure, and
the cuts were
continued and later increased by the subsequent Labour
government.
1974 to 1976 Short lived "New Psychiatry" magazine in UK
-
1974
Franco Basaglia and his colleagues founded "Psichiatria
Democratica" as a loose association of professionals fighting for radical
change in Italian psychiatry.
28.2.1974 Labour Government. Christopher Price, Labour, (1932 -
2015) elected for Lewisham West. He served until June 1983. A critic of
psychosurgery and electro-convulsive therapy, he facilitated the
development of
PROMPT. On 26.3.1974
he asked
"how many fit psychiatric in-patients are at present being kept in
hospital because of the shortage of hostel and other sheltered
accommodation?". See
21.1.1976 and
Frightening 1976
for ECT and psychosurgery - Links with PROMPT
established by 1977 -
4.11.1977 -
PROMPT Petition
1979 -
28.2.1974 to 1.3.1974
Mind's
Annual Conference
, on the theme ""New Knowledge in Mental Health" held at Church
House, Westminster.
1974: Mind Report: Co-ordination or Chaos?
Secure accommodation
April 1974: Interim report of the Butler Committee. As a
result of this, a
network of
Regional Psychiatric Secure Units was
planned for England
and Wales. (external link)
By the 1970s, Broadmoor was
seriously overcrowded. On a visit, I looked through a
window and saw
a sea of short haircuts so close that one could have walked
across the room
from one head to another. Partly to relieve this pressure, a
new "Special
Hospital", called Park Lane, was built on land next to
Moss Side. The
first 35
patients moved in in 1974.
|
This way to previous scandals
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THE ST AUGUSTINE'S HOSPITAL CRITIQUE.
|
April 1974 St Augustine's Hospital, Chartham Down, near Canterbury, Kent -
A Critique Regarding Policy by Brian Ankers and Olleste Etsello
"Drugs were given almost automatically to new admissions...ECT
(Electroconvulsive therapy) was sometimes used as a punitive measure -
although it was not openly admitted. I have heard the term 'punitive ECT'
used in the hospital in reference to "that is what a patient needs". Some
psychiatrists had a certain faith in ECT and at times patients were
threatened with it"
(page 14)
This way to the next scandal
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|
1975 Schizophrenia Association of
Ireland launched. Later changed
its name to Schizophrenia Ireland -
old website - Changed its name to
Shine-Supporting People Affected by Mental Ill Health on 20.1.2009 -
new
website
- Phrenz groups are mutual support and social groups for people with mental
ill health. May have begun in
the early 2000s.
|
|
February 1975: Barbara Castle's Mencap speech. See
below
9.5.1975 to 10.5.1975
Mind's
Annual Conference
, originally advertised as "Can We Afford Mental Health?",
altered (same content) to "Psychiatry and
Alternative Support Systems" held at YMCA Central Club, WC1. Organiser John
Barter (Mind Out 12.1975 p.16 - 2.1975 p.15 - 4.1975 p.12
|
|
The Patients Protection Law Committee "was formed to ensure the protection
of patients and to firmly establish their rights under law. It is mainly
concerned with medical experimentation of an unethical or objectionable
nature". Chairman: Alan Saint. Address 31 Brim Hill, N2 0HD [The home of
Mrs Rita Bright, who became Secretary)]. Doctors [Andre] Khilkoff-
Choubersky and T.S.G. Davies, and Mrs W.M. Baran were also Directors.
24.5.1975 The Lancet Volume 305, Issue 7917, Page 1175
"Psychosurgery on Trial". Editorial said the Royal College of
Psychiatrists
"has drawn up a workable design and the question being asked is certainly
important and unresolved in any country; the trial deserves support".
Several Community Health Councils objected that there was not enough
information about how patients would be protected and the
Schizophrenia Association condemned the trial and advised its
members "most strongly against psychosurgery"
25.9.1975 Doctor. Weekly Newspaper for the Family
Practitioner "Brain surgery plan causes a headache"
September 1975 Patients Protection Law Committee first became aware
of Royal College of Psychiatrists application to the Medical Research
Council
for £50,000 to assess the value of psychosurgery using a sample of
200 patients in British Hospitals, 2.10.1975 Letter of protest from
Patients Protection Law Committee. See
Joyce Butler petition February 1976.
3.10.1975 London Evening News "Mental Guinea-Pigs for
Surgeon's Knife"
Undated note from Terry [Nash] at the National Council for Civil Liberties
to MPU, forwarding a photocopy of
BMJ discussion on ethics of psychosurgery -
"MIND has refused to support (or comment on) The Patient's Protection Law
Committee's campaign of opposition to psychosurgery due to professional
pressure on them!"
October 1975: Butler Committee Report and Better Services for the Mentally Ill
The ninety one page White Paper
Better Services
for the
Mentally Ill
was nicknamed
Castles in the Air by COPE when it was presented by Barbara
Castle, the
Secretary of State at the Department of Health and Social
Security, in
October 1975. It was long term strategic document, pointing
out the general
direction the Government wanted services to take, prefaced
with a statement
that little progress could be made until the
economic
situation improved.
Its emphasis was on providing a comprehensive range of local
services in
place of asylums, before asylums closed:
"... our main aim is not the closure or rundown of the mental
illness
hospitals as such; but rather to replace them with a local and
better range
of facilities. It will not normally be possible for a mental
hospital to be
closed until the full range of facilities described has been
provided
throughout its catchment area and has shown itself capable of
providing for
newly arising patients a comprehensive service independent of
the mental
hospital. Moreover, even then, it will not be possible to
close the
hospital until it is no longer required for the long stay
patients admitted
to its care before the local services came into operation"
(par.11.5)
|
31.10.1975 and 1.11.1975 Special Mind
Conference
on "Rights of patients and staff in the mental health services"
held at Church House, Westminster. Organiser Kathy West (Mind Out 10.1975).
Corresponding with the launch of
A Human Condition
The elements of community care before the 1980s included
hospitals. The
local psychiatric unit was considered part of the community.
Community care
was a package of local provision, distinct from the distant
asylum care.
During the 1980s, care in the community came to mean care
outside hospital,
as distinct from care in hospital. In the 1990s, support in
the community
moved towards meaning care outside hospitals, hostels or day
centres.
Notice, however, the development of secure units which
substituted, in
part, for the custodial provision in the old asylums.
|
|
This diagram, that I drew just before the change took place,
shows the
facilities provided by the National Health Services and Local
Authorities
that should be part of the community care packet. Underneath I
drew a
Bargain Basement which contained the possibility of
alternative provision
by the voluntary sector. In the 1980s and 1990s, the bargain
basement grew
and developed a private sector department.
|
1976 Peak in mental hospital admissions (falling
since)
The actual numbers in hospital had been falling since 1954
Between 1970 and 1975 the population of mental illness
hospitals was
reduced from 107,977 to 87,321. The population of mental
handicap hospitals
was reduced from 55,434 to 49,683 (In-Patient Statistics 1975,
tables A8
and B10).
The statistics were said to reflect the success of care in the
community,
but some argued that the fall had been achieved by discharging
patients to
families ill-equipped to cope with them, to private hotels
that exploited
them or, in some cases, onto the streets.
Better Services for the Mentally Ill acknowledged that such
things
happened, and said:-
"the public... cannot be expected to tolerate under the name
of community
care the discharge of chronic patients without...
after-care... who perhaps
spend their days wandering the streets or become an unbearable
burden on
the lives of their relatives... Such situations do not occur
very
frequently; but where they do, the whole concept of community
care is
placed at risk" (par.2.27)
This way to the previous scandals
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THE BIRMINGHAM SCANDAL.
|
On January 12th 1976, the Daily Mirror sensationally
questioned the
claim that discharge from hospital without inadequate care was
infrequent.
It ran a feature by John Pilger sub-headed:
Dumped on the streets and in the slums -
5000 people who need help
Birmingham was headlined as
The city of lost souls
A West Midlands Health Official said the DHSS had
"applied the screws" to mental hospitals to "decant" patients.
Pilger
commented that "to be decanted is
to be dumped", if you have not got families or friends to take
you. The
Midlands organiser of MENCAP told him:
"In a few years... you'll be able to see them dying in the
streets"
A practice of discharging patients to hotels had been reported
four years
earlier as a positive advance in community care.
The Sunday
Times of
17.10.1971 carried a glowing report of how
Denbigh
Hospital, North Wales, had cut its size from 1,6000
beds to a
mere 600, over seven years, by placing patients in the care of
the
landladies of seaside boarding houses. The ex-patients paid
for their keep
from their social security benefit.
Pilger's report showed a seamier side to this policy. In
Birmingham, an
array of guest houses, hotels and boarding
houses
flourished on the trade in ex-patients. One landlady told
Pilger:
"We pick them off the streets or the hospital
rings us up and
says 'can you take a few?'"
She had
"a cupboard filled with... prescribed tablets...
to keep them
quiet".
Although this was one of the better hotels, residents still
sat all day
"looking blankly at each other... or at the television" [or
went] "to St
Agnes's hall to stuff toys - 'occupational therapy'"
In one of the worst establishments patients had been slept
"nine in the attic some of them less than four feet from the
ceiling" [and
fed on "two slices of bread and dripping and a third of a
sausage roll"
A councillor reported seeing guests
"with scabies and lice. They had dirty clothes and ten men had
no vests and
underpants"
A Birmingham Social Services' spokesman said it was not
uncommon to find
"disturbed and frightened people" wandering about the railway
station:
"having just arrived with a travel warrant from hospitals as
far afield as
London and Scotland. The word seems to have got out that
Birmingham has
places that will take them."
Hundreds were said to be "just wandering". The Salvation Army
hostel said
"up to 30%" of the people it took in "from the streets" were
ex-patients.
"The overwhelming majority" of those who queued "in the cold
every night"
outside a Catholic refuge were "psychiatric patients".
Whose fault was it? According to Pilger, Birmingham Social
Services blamed
the hospitals and the hospitals blamed Social Services.
This way to the next scandal
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Parkinson's Group
A debate in the House of Commons on better services for
mentally ill
people was moved for by the Conservative opposition in January
1976.
Shortly before the debate, the shadow health minister, Norman
Fowler, asked
Cecil Parkinson MP to form a
Conservative Party policy group
on the
progress that had and could be made towards community based
services for
mentally ill and mentally handicapped people. It was an issue
of special
interest to Mr Parkinson because his constituency,
Hertfordshire
South,
contained three large hospitals for mental illness and two for
mental
handicap, only one of which served the constituency - the
others received
their patients from North London.
Parkinson's group drew on considerable expertise from
outside party
politics. It met regularly for three years and completed its
investigations
in
spring 1979,
just as the Conservative Party
moved from opposition into Government.
21.1.1976
Christopher Price asked the Secretary of State for Social
Services whether she has studied the article in the British Journal of
Psychiatry (1973, 123, 441-3) which concludes that ECT can cause cumulative
and irreversible brain damage; and what guidance she has given to the NHS
hospitals as a result.
Written Answer from David Owen.
20.2.1976 Joyce Butler MP presented "a petition from the
Patients' Protection Law Committee, which is concerned about
psychosurgery
experiments on patients who are mentally ill and which seeks to uphold the
rights of patients in relation thereto. Despite the specialised and unusual
subject of the petition, this small voluntary organisation has succeeded in
a short time in obtaining 1,500 signatures to the petition, which shows
that "the Royal College of Psychiatrists intend to carry out experiments in
psychosurgery on two hundred mental patients; that psychosurgery is a
dangerous procedure which causes irreversible damage to the brain; that
last year
a court decision in Michigan, USA, held that the therapeutic
effectiveness of limbic brain lesions was unproven and the potential risks
very great and that lack of knowledge about these questions made informed
consent virtually impossible; and that in these circumstances experiments
of this nature are unethical." "Wherefore your Petitioners humbly pray that
this Honourable House will forbid the use of public funds for these
experiments."
PROMPT was a party to this petition.
March 1976:
Priorities for Health and Personal Social Services
A Consultative Circular on Joint Planning and Finance was
issued at
the end of March.
Priorities was, amongst other things, an effort to
advance such
causes as Better
Services for the
Mentally Ill by giving them more money at the
expense of other
areas.
The 1975 White Paper had said that investment on the scale
needed to
achieve its ends would not be possible "over the next three or
four years"
(par. 11.5), but by giving deprived sectors priority of
general and acute
hospital provision, Priorities proposed a rate of
development which,
"if maintained", would enable the Better Services aims
to be
achieved over most of the country within twenty-five years.
|
Monday 29.3.1976
Five Oscars for
the film One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest
dramatised
the
1962 novel by Ken Kesey about the way asylums
change the
personalities
of people who become their in-patients. The novel and film
popularised the
theories of
Erving Goffman, in
Asylums (1961)
|
The Listener (first week of April?) contained an article by
Christopher Price
Christopher Price (Labour MP, Lewisham West) "It's more than a bit
frightening", reviewing Yorkshire TV's Tuesday (30.3.1976 or 6.4.1976?)
programme on psychosurgery directed by Chris Goddard "It's A Bit
Frightening".
|
Also mentioned during the week - "revelations about St
Augustine's" - Horizon (BBC2) on schizophrenia and its possible chemical
roots and the
five Oscars.
9.7.1976 to 10.7.1976
Mind's
Annual Conference
with the theme "Prevention in the field of psychiatric
disorders" held at Bedford College, London. Organiser Edna Tyrell (Mind Out
3/4.1976 p.24 - 5/6.1976 p.17)
Autumn? 1976 Mind's 30th Annual General Meeting -
Mary Applebey
gave a talk about her memories which was published in the January/February
edition of Mind Out (pages 8-1) as "Thirty years on".
1976 Publication of the first Disability Rights Handbook: A Guide
to Income Benefits and Certain Aids and Services for Handicapped People of
All Ages. 1977, editor Peter Townsend, by the Disability Alliance
(5 Netherhall Gardens, London, NW3 5RJ]) and ATV Network Ltd. 32 pages.
Beech Tree House,
Hertfordshire, was
established by
the Spastics Society in 1977 to demonstrate that even the most
severely
disturbed children from mental handicap hospitals could be
successfully
educated given sufficient resources and the right approach.
The Good Practices in Mental Health (GPMH) project was started, on
a three year experimental basis, by the International Hospital Fund in
1977. "The idea is to describe and publicise local mental health services
which have been found to work well". The first report "Good Practices in
Mental Health in the City and Hackney Health District (Teaching)" was
published in July 1978. From 1980 to 1983 the project was financed jointly
by charities and the Department of Health and Social Security. From 1983 it
was funded mainly by the DHSS and "has come to be seen as a process in
mental health planning and development rather as a time limited project"
(SSC 1985 volume 2,
page 143). Initiated and run, at first, by
Edith Morgan. In
the mid 1980s, GPMH turned its attention to the development of
user-only forums. The final
director was Edi O'Farrell, who worked closely with
Peter Campbell and
Survivors Speak
Out. GPMH ran out of money about 1997 and had to close. Edi
O'Farrell died in 2008 (email from
Thurstine Basset)
1977
World Federation for Mental Health congress held Vancouver,
Canada, with the theme "Today's Priorities in Mental Health: Knowing and
Doing". This was the regular biennial world congresses.
10.1.1977 "Gimme Gimme Shock Treatment" on The Ramones' album
Leave Home. Described as a "sing-along mental-illness ode" in
Schinder and Schwartz (2007) Icons of Rock
(source Wikipedia).
I was feeling sick, losing my mind
Heard about these treatments by a good friend of mine
He was always happy, smile on his face
He said he had a great time at the place
Peace and love is here to stay and now I can wake up and face the day
Happy-happy-happy all the time, shock treatment, I'm doing fine
Gimme-gimme shock treatment
Gimme-gimme shock treatment
Gimme-gimme shock treatment
I wanna-wanna shock treatment ...
In "Shocked Treatment" (Spring 1985)
Frank Bangay describes patients dancing to this: "... everybody
pogoed up and down.
The 'hospital' was never a nice place, electrodes
plugged in and the damage is done. Some days I want to explode in anger and
frustration. Are we really the sick ones?"
May 1977 HC(77)17 second circular on Joint Care Planning
6.6.1977
Jubilee Bank Holiday Monday -
Andrew Voyce's
view "inside
Hellingly asylum"
SEPTEMBER 1977 THE WAY FORWARD
13.10.1977 to 14.10.1977
Mind's
Annual Conference
with the theme "Rehabilitation and resettlement of mentally
disordered people" held Westminster. Organiser Edna Tyrell (Mind Out
5/6.1977 p.24 - 7/8.1977 p.24)
November? 1977 Royal College of Psychiatrists "Memorandum on the use
of
electroconvulsive therapy" British Journal of Psychiatry
131: pages 261-272. This was produced as a consequence of the findings of
abuse of ECT at
St Augustine's Hospital. Mind archive contains a typescript
report showing that Mind representatives visited two unnamed psychiatric
hospitals to find out how the practical administration of ECT compared with
the formal guidance.
4.11.1977
Christopher Price in the House of Commons: "I have recently been
making some remarks on television about electro-convulsive therapy, and I
have received a bigger response than to any other subject I have mentioned
on television in the years I have been a Member-with a short gap-since
1966. The response so shattered me that I have gone a great deal further
into the matter."
4.11.1977 "Teenage Lobotomy" on The Ramones' album
Rocket to Russia.
Lobotomy, lobotomy, lobotomy, lobotomy!
DDT did a job on me
Now I am a real sickie
Guess I'll have to break the news
That I got no mind to lose
All the girls are in love with me
I'm a teenage lobotomy
Slugs and snails are after me
DDT keeps me happy
Now I guess I'll have to tell 'em
That I got no cerebellum
Gonna get my Ph.D.
I'm a teenage lobotomy...
- "In Italy a new National Health Service (NHS),
providing free health care
to all Italian citizens, replaced the existing national insurance system.
The new NHS also incorporated the public psychiatric system, which had just
undergone a radical reform under Law 180. According to this law, all
psychiatric hospitals were closed to new admissions (and, after three
years, also to readmissions) and were replaced with community-based
services and psychiatric units based in general hospitals. The new system
was intended to provide care and support to all types of patients, without
back-up from public mental hospitals, where only existing long-stay in-
patients could remain"
(external source)
- "in 1978 we held a press conference, announcing the
closure of the mental hospital" [at Trieste] "This created a big sensation
in Italy for the situation had not been recognised until then"
(Franco Basaglia -
March 1980)
April 1978: Maureen Oswin's Children Living in Long Stay
Hospitals was the report of a study financed by the Spastics Society.
It described the lives of children in eight hospitals chosen to give as
representative a sample as possible. These were severely handicapped
children who were found, in the main, to be relegated to a tedious,
impoverished existence on back wards.
May 1978: The Warnock Report
Although the 1970 Education Act had made local education authorities
responsible for educating all children, education for many handicapped
children was still in separate "special schools". The Warnock Report
on the education of handicapped children recommended that special classes
and units should be provided "wherever possible" in ordinary schools
(paragraph 7.35) and that "firm links" should be established between
ordinary schools and the remaining special schools in their vicinity
(paragraph 8.10).
12.10.1978 to 13.10.1978
Mind's
Annual Conference
with the theme "Positive approaches to mental informity in
elderly people" (Mind Information Bulletin June 1978 p.9)
On Our Own.
Patient-Controlled Alternatives to the Mental
Health System by Judi Chamberlin gave Judi's "patient's view
of
the mental
health system", an account of her own treatment, and an
account of
communities run by their users. The book drew on the work of
colleagues in
Mental Patients' Liberation groups in North America, but also
used some
United Kingdom material.
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1979 Science Time Line
The
Borocourt Hospital
League of Friends donated an
outdoor play area for severely handicapped patients to use in
good weather.
It was a
wirenetting fence
surrounding a spacious area
with
a large cedar tree and toys for patients to play on.
March 1979 The Jay Report
The campaign for a normal life won
its first major victory with the publication of the Jay report into mental
handicap nursing and care. This did much more than examine the training of
staff. It made radical proposals for community care however severe a
person's handicap.
"Mentally handicapped people" [they wrote] "have a right to
enjoy normal patterns of life within the community" [but] "too often... the
concept of 'as normal a life as possible' has tended to stop short of
those... with severe problems. It is still unfortunately assumed that if a
mentally handicapped person has additional physical handicaps or severe
behaviour disorder he must live in hospital." (paragraph 86)
May 1979
Thatcher
Government
Spring 1979; The
Parkinson Report (see
1976)
was produced for the
Conservative Party, but it was kept secret until
1981.
The report strongly endorsed community care
and called for a determined programme of hospital closures,
linked to a
statutory duty and financial incentives for councils to make
community
provision.
It said that, although all governments since
1959
were committed to community care policy, there was little real
progress in
creating services in the community. Amongst hospital staff,
they found
considerable resistance to the policy and "a strongly held
belief that
successive governments had not meant what they said."
Cecil Parkinson suggested that the policy had been
discredited "because
it is not really being implemented". Patients left the
hospitals, but the
money and skills stayed in them, so patients went into the
community
without the support they needed.
Confusion The first two years of Conservative rule
(May 1979 to
July 1981)
were years of
confusion and uncertainty about the direction mental health policy was to
take.
21.6.1979 New Scientist article by Ed Harriman "The brains
behind the operation" - "Scientist who operate on the brain to relieve
symptoms as disparate as aggression and anorexia nervosa hardly understand
why their operations are - sometimes - successful. They even disagree about
how to measure success and which patients to operate on. In these
circumstances, are controls on psychosurgery adequate?"
Available on Google Books
July 1979: Royal Commission on the National Health Service
Report
"We are certain that there is a continuing need for most of the
mental illness hospitals, and we recommend that the health departments
should now state categorically that they no longer expect health
authorities to close them unless they are very isolated, in very bad repair
or are obviously redundant due to major shifts of population. It should be
made clear that they will be required throughout the remainder of this
century and for as long as it is possible to plan". (paragraph 10.60)
8.7.1979 to 13.7.1979
World Federation for Mental Health congress held in Salzburg,
Austria, with the theme "The Mental Health of Children and Families"
27.7.1979 11.4 a.m House of Commons Debates 1979 volume 971 c1247.
Christopher Price MP for Lewisham, West, presented a
"petition appertaining to electro-convulsive therapy and psychosurgery
which has been signed by 15,960 of my constituents and others in the
Greater London area. I shall read the petition... which shows "that both
electro-convulsive therapy (ECT) and psycho-surgery are largely empirical
procedures; that ECT treats the symptom and not the cause and that it has
been shown to cause cumulative and irreversible brain damage and to produce
memory loss; that psycho-surgery also causes irreversible damage to the
brain; and that the World Health Organisation has stated that psycho-
surgical interventions are ethically doubtful. Wherefore your Petitioners
humbly pray that this Honourable House will forbid the use of ECT and
psychosurgery in the National Health Service".
autumn? 1979 Patrick Jenkin to Mind [a letter quoted by Tony
Smythe in a speech to the Social Services Conference 19.11.1979)]: This
Government is as
"firmly committed to the principles of community care" [but]
"we differ from previous governments ... in our overriding determination
to secure substantial retrenchment in public expenditure... this
retrenchment will have an adverse effect on progress towards the new
pattern of services... In some places it may be proved difficult to avoid
retreating a little"
October 1979 The
National Schizophrenia Fellowship appointed a group development
officer was appointed for the North East based in Newcastle.
DECEMBER 1979 PATIENTS FIRST
[December 1979?] National Development Group for Mental
Handicap to be
axed as a "QUANGO".
About 1980 that Robert James Maxwell became Chief Executive of the
King's Fund. "Under the 17-year leadership of Robert J. Maxwell,
the Fund also widened the scope of its activities to look at social care
and public health."
(web history) - Robert J. Maxwell was chief executive of the
King's Fund from 1980 to 1997 - Barbara Stocking was Director of the Kings
Fund
Centre for Health Services Development from 1987 to 1993.
- See
An Ordinary Life 1980
-
allies -
Preston event -
Speaking from Experience 1985 -
initial funding
of Survivors Speak Out -
Minstead
Lodge 1986 -
Barnet Action for Mental Health
1986 -
Collaboration for Change 1988 -
services for black community
1991 -
Survivors Speak Out funding 1992 -
Black Health Foundation 1995
1980
The Therapeutic Community: Outside the Hospital edited
by
Elly Jansen. Published: London : Croom Helm for the
Richmond Fellowship.
Based on papers presented at the Richmond Fellowship International
Conferences,
1973 - 1975 - and
1976. The book is about the
therapeutic community in both its
narrow sense and as community care outside hospital. It was
revied in Mind Out in February 1981.
January 1980: The Nodder Report published: Working
Group on Organisational and Management Problems of Mental
Illness
Hospitals. Set up in March 1977. Held it last meeting in
February 1979.
The delay in publication was due to the change in government
and, for the
same reason, there was a "substantial gap... between the
agreed committee
draft and the report as published".
Although about half the 200 or so Health Districts
had a
District General Hospital Psychiatric Unit giving "a fairly
comprehensive
service" to at least part of the district (par.4), many of the
others
either had no local psychiatric service or a very selective
one.
On the other hand, 50 of the 103 mental hospitals with over
200 beds served
three or more Health Districts, only 13 served a single
district and 21
were actually outside any of the districts they served. The
situations some
of these hospitals were in was "so complex as to defy any hope
of an
efficient management structure. So, a "first essential" was to
reduce the
complexity.
The committee recommended a strategy of first developing
comprehensive
local services in districts furthest away from a mental
hospital and from
there moving towards a situation where the mental hospital
only served the
district in which it was situated. (pars 4.9 to 4.10)
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25.1.1980 Patrick Jenkin promises "priority"
DHSS Press Release 80/16: The Secretary of State expressed his
determination "even in times of acute economic restraint" to maintain
the established "priority" of services for the mentally ill and the
mentally handicapped whereby the Department of Health and Social Security
attempted to "steer funds" into these "Cinderella" services. He wanted to
maintain progress towards the "new pattern" of facilities
February 1980 The
National Schizophrenia Fellowship appointed a group development
officer (David Lynes?) for the North West based in Warrington - This
appointment led to differences of opinion concerning autonomy. Mind had
opened a
North West regional office in October 1978
March 1980 An Ordinary Life. Comprehensive locally based
residential services for mentally handicapped people.
Kings Fund Project Paper 24,
31.3.1980 to 3.4.1980 European workshop, in Belgium, on
"Alternatives to Mental Hospitals" - Speakers included from Italy,
Franco Basaglia - Belgium: Daniel Coens - Sweden: Ebba Neander -
France: René Descartes - Holland: C. Trimbos - United Kingdom: David
Towell
May 1980: The Future Pattern of Hospital Provision [DHSS
Consultation Paper]
"It is now clear that in 70 or so districts which have a well
sited mental illness hospital this will have to continue to provide all in-
patient care and be the focus for the service in its own district often for
many years to come. Only in this way can proper attention be paid to
districts at present served by a distant or otherwise unsuitable mental
hospital" (page 18)
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18.9.1980 "The opening of the Interim Medium Secure Unit at
Bethlem in 1980 was preceded by discussions with local residents
to allay fears.
Jimmy Savile OBE, television presenter, was invited to open the
unit, an event that, despite the bad weather, was regarded as 'a most
successful exercise in public relations'."
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"Jimmy took over the
conducting of the R.A.M.C. band to everyone's delight"
20.10.1980 to 21.10.1980
Mind's
Annual Conference
with the theme
"The Future of the Mental Hospitals" held at
Kensington and Chelsea Town Hall. (Mind Information Bulletin, October 1980,
p.1)
Patrick Jenkin invited to open:
"The Royal Commission said that the hospitals should stay
unless they are obviously unsuitable; whereas the Government says that some
could stay for many years if they are still needed and if they fit in with
the desired pattern. This may seem a matter of semantics but it is more
than that. It is a recognition first of the primacy of the district
services, and secondly of the need, within that, to make the best use of
existing services"
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DECEMBER 1980: MENTAL HANDICAP: PROGRESS, PROBLEMS AND
PRIORITIES (A review of mental handicap services since the 1971 White
Paper)
1981 Science Time Line
1981 Statistics
By 1981, deaths and discharges from St Lawrences had
reduced the number
of patients to 1,300. It was one of seven English hospitals
with the least
money to spend on patients. (See
1870 and
1971 and
Silent Minority (below))
The International Year for Disabled People which "includes
people who are physically handicapped, deaf, hard of hearing, blind,
partially sighted, speech impaired, mentally handicapped or mentally ill.
It also includes handicaps such as epilepsy and psoriasis; and disabilities
linked to ageing. It also includes children who are disabled."
(external link to Hansard debate)
1981 Special Education Act
February 1981: Care in Action
31.3.1981
House of Lords debate "The Earl of Longford rose to ask Her
Majesty's Government whether they will take urgent steps to provide a more
effective system of mental after-care."
9.5.1981 10 minute "Maybury - A Preview" shown at 11.45pm on BBC2 in
which "Patrick Stewart shows that psychiatric wards are not places of gloom
and despair but hope and humour". The first series of this soap/drama based
in a psychiatric ward ran from weekly from 12.5.1981 to 4.8.1981. The
second series ran from 24.6.1983 to 5.8.1983. The series was given
technical support by psychiatrists in
Hackney who advised actors how to
play people with specific mental health problems realistically. Ruth
Boswell, the producer, spoke at a City and Hackney Association for Mental
Health meeting on the programme in Homerton Library on 16.10.1981 and
attended (as part of the audience) a Community Care Workshop on Hackney's
Psychiatric Units at Centerprise on Wednesday 21.10.1981. Also
a book.
May 1981 European Symposium on Old Age and Mental Health held in
Helsinki, Finland, concluding with the "Helsinki Resolution on Mental
Health and Old Age" (Mind Out 7.1981 pages 8-9)
This way to the previous scandals
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10.6.1981: Silent Minority
This television documentary was shown in peak viewing
hours with a
warning that some of the scenes might prove disturbing. The
scenes were of
what happened out of view in two understaffed hospitals for
the mentally
handicapped,
St Lawrences
and
Borocourt.
The hospitals had cooperated with making it "in
the hope of conveying...the message that hospitals for the
mentally
handicapped are seriously understaffed and under-financed",
but one of the
messages of the documentary was that hospital asylums were the
wrong place
for mentally handicapped people to live.
Silent Minority concentrated its attention on the
most severely
disabled patients - those that Government policy still
believed would
always need "the special facilities of hospital care". It
contrasted the
understaffed wards at St Lawrences - where children were
clean, fed and
dressed, but bored and lonely - with
Beech Tree House.
It suggested that the intensive education of children in a
small unit
at Beech Tree House prevented them becoming disturbed,
frightened and
frightening adults like some who were in a
wire
compound
during daylight hours at Borocourt. Many of the Borocourt
patients were sedated with
Largactil
- but, even so, the hospital had seven
seclusion rooms. A man described by the hospital as "one of
its most
aggressive patients" was said on the television programme to
have spent
almost six months in almost continuous solitary confinement. A
member of
staff claimed that, as a result of solitary confinement, the
patient seemed
"on the edge of almost total madness".
Press headlines gave the impression that Government
Ministers reactions
to Silent Minority were apoplectic - Film Biased, says
Jenkin
(The Guardian
11.6.1981) - Fowler raps 'Biased Silent Minority Film'
(Nursing
Mirror
4.11.1981)
Ministers' reactions contained more positive elements, the
most
important of which was that the Under Secretary of State,
George Young,
insisted his civil servants put some urgency into producing
the Green Paper
Care in the Community.
The effect of Silent
Minority
that seemed most important
to me was its
effect on the public, but a friend who lobbies governments
disagreed with
me when I wrote that "Silent Minority probably did more to
create a popular
demand for community care than a decade of official policy
statements". She
was more conscious of what goes on in government. I just
experienced what
was happening in Hackney.
Relatives and friends of mentally handicapped people from
Hackney
living miles from home in
St Lawrences,
and other
asylums around London, had simmered with anger and anxiety
about them for
several years.
Silent
Minority
helped to bring their concern
to the boil,
and in January 1982 families, professionals, voluntary groups
and
articulate local people with a mental handicap formed
HAMHP
(Hackney Action
for Mentally Handicapped People) to press for local services
that would
give all mentally handicapped people from Hackney a chance to
live as part
of our own community.
Silent Minority can still be seen. It can be bought or rented
from
Concord Video and Film Council.
On their web
site, click on education, then learning difficulties, and
scroll down.
Care in the Community and the Parkinson Report
July 16th 1981:
Care in the
Community
was the title of a Green
Paper that suggested ways of moving money and care from the
National Health
Service to local councils and voluntary associations.
It was a way of implementing the (hitherto
secret)
Parkinson Report, and seven days later the Conservative
Political Centre
published
The Right Approach to Mental
Health, an edited summary of
the
Parkinson
Report.
Care in the Community began by saying:
"Most people who need long-term care can and should be
looked after in
the community. That is what most of them want for themselves
and what those
responsible for their care believe to be best".
Care in the Community applied especially to mentally
handicapped, mentally ill and elderly patients (in that
order).
It suggested that 20,000 long-term patients (15,000 in
mental handicap
hospitals and 5,000 in mental illness hospitals) could be
discharged
"immediately" if funds could be switched from the Health
Service to local
authorities (paragraphs 3.1. and 3.2).
Opinions were sought on seven possible ways of moving
money and
patients. On July 28th 1982 the Government said it had decided
to adopt
three main proposals:
- The maximum period for which the NHS could pay for schemes
under joint
finance would be extended from seven to thirteen years for
projects to move
people out of hospital, and the NHS would be able to pay 100%
of the money
for up to ten years.
- District Health Authorities would be allowed to make
guaranteed annual
payments to councils and voluntary bodies for ex-patients they
provided for
in the community.
- Fifteen million pounds would be set aside from joint
finance money to
develop and assess a series of pilot projects.
Autumn 1981
Mind's
Annual Conference
with the theme "Psychiatric Treatment - Art or Science?"
(Reported Mind Out 11.1981 pages 9-11)
Based at the
Department of Pharmacoepidemiology at the Norwegian Institute of Public
Health in Oslo. It is funded by the Norwegian government. It maintains what
it calls an Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification system
and defined daily doses for the drugs classified. [See
bibliography].
In simpler terms, this is described as an international language for drug
utilization research
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1981
EAMH (Edinburgh Association for Mental Health) set up initially to take
over some flats then rented for ex-patients by the Royal Edinburgh
Hospital.
Began by working from a desk in the offices of the Barony Housing
Association, before moving in 1984 to 40 Shandwick Place
Edinburgh. See history.
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"While sociologists and sociologically-minded historians
cast a baleful eye over the global history of mental treatment in the last
two centuries, others - consultants,
administrators or psychologists, present or past members of
psychiatric hospital staffs - prove willing to devote much toil
to the writing of detailed, often scholarly and always
affectionate accounts of the origins and development of their
own respective institutions..."
Alexander Walk,
1982
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Although numbers in the old style hospitals had fallen
considerably, by
1982 the only mental illness hospitals to close were St
Ebbas, Epsom
(converted to a mental subnormality hospital in 1962) and
The Holloway Sanatorium, Virginia Water, Surrey
(closed December
1980). In November 1982, the only definite closure proposals
were a plan to
close
Banstead and concentrate services at
Horton in 1986; and proposals by North East Thames
Regional
Health Authority to close two of its six large mental
hospitals (not then
identified, but
Claybury
and
Friern were chosen). The only large mental
handicap
hospital planned to close was
Darenth Park. (Information mainly from D.
Glassborow, DHSS
Mental Health Division, 18.11.1982)
Draft of closures to
March 1994
1962
St
Ebbas, Epsom (conversion to a mental subnormality hospital)
1980
The Holloway Sanatorium, Virginia Water, Surrey
(December 1980)
28.7.1982 Government adopts ways of moving money with patients
July 1983: Plan to close
Friern and Claybury announced.
1985
Exminster, Devon 1985
The Lawn, Lincoln 1985
1986
Banstead October 1986
Coppice Hospital, Nottinghamshire 1986
1987
Saxondale, Nottinghamshire 1987
Autumn 1987: Proposal for a "Penguin Special" on closing the
asylums
1988
Horton Road, Gloucester 1988
Naburn, York 1988
1989
Pastures, Derbyshire 1989?
1990
St John's, Lincolnshire 1990
Whitecroft, Isle of Wight 1990
1991
Mendip Hospital, Somerset 1991
1991: publication of After the Asylums
1992
Long Grove - April 1992
Cane Hill 1992
St Augustine's, Kent 1992
Herrison, Dorset 1992
1993
Moorhaven, Devon 1993
Friern - 1993
Rubery Hill, Birmingham 1993
1994
Hellingly, Sussex (1994)
Glenside, Bristol (1994)
St Mary's, Burghill, Hereford (1994)
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Closure index: See
1994 -
1995 -
1999 -
2002 -
2006 -
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Peter Sedgwick's Psychopolitics, published in 1982,
criticised the
anti-psychiatry movement of the 1960s/1970s theoretically and
politically.
Sedgwick's political criticism of the
Myth of Mental Illness idea was
that it
undermined efforts to secure community care resources for
those who suffer
from mental distress.
We Can Speak for Ourselves. Self-Advocacy by Mentally
Handicapped
People, by Paul Williams and Bonnie Shoultz. This American
book said
that mentally handicapped people usually had decisions made
for them about
every detail of their lives, but that through the
Self-Advocacy Movement
many were learning to formulate their own needs, to put
forward their
demands and to campaign to win them.
A Mad People's History
of Madness compiled by Dale Peterson. The
British authors
included are
Margery Kempe,
George Trosse,
Alexander
Cruden,
Samuel Bruckshaw (1774),
William
Cowper,
Urbane Metcalf,
John Thomas
Perceval,
Marcia Hamilcar (1910),
Thomas Hennell (1938), John Cunstance (1952) and Morag Coate
(1965)
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March 1982 Extraordinary General Meeting of the
National Schizophrenia Fellowship, in Friends
House, Euston Road, London, attended by 500 people, decided to to close the
Regional Offices (Newcastle and Warrington). The Warrington group then
(1982) formed the autonomous North West Schizophrenia Fellowship
which later changed its name to Making Space
weblink
7.6.1982 CHAMH meeting at Homerton Library with Dr
Leonard Fagin
(Claybury), the author of
Unemployment and Health in Families
(1981).
25.10.1982 to 26.10.1982
Mind's
Annual Conference
(Kensington
Town Hall) Theme "Working Together? Voluntary and Statutory Mental Health
Services" - Norman Fowler, Social Services Secretary, having said, earlier
in the year, that the voluntary sector was in a unique position to provide
"real community care". [A4 flyer]
28.10.1982 The
1982 Mental Health (Amendment)
Act
received Royal
Assent. "Its provisions will, for the most part, take effect from 30
September 1983, by which time it is hoped that all the amendments made to
the 1959 Act will have been consolidated in a new
Mental Health Act"
25.11.1982 and 26.11.1982
"Cinderella No More. A Conference about the development of Comprehensive
Psychiatric Services"
December 1982 First meeting of the "Getting to Know You" core group
at
Springfield Hospital, North Manchester.
The Rising Tide: Developing Services for Mental
Illness in Old Age National Health Service, Health
Advisory Service, 1982.
1983
4.1.1983 Under Secretary of State wrote "to all chairmen of regional
health authorities and chairmen of social services committees
commending the Health Advisory Service report, and encouraging the setting
up of comprehensive integrated psychiatric services for elderly people with
mental illness. An extra £6 million is being made available over the
next three years to help with the build-up of 'Administration Development
Districts', which will spread ideas about the creation of the right sort of
services in response to local circumstances and needs."
Hansard
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"A home, encouragement and a future"
The Mental After Care Association
image from the Annual Reports of 1983 and 1984
1983 newspaper cartoon -
Preserved by my father.
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11.3.1983 Registration of charity number 286467
Old Name
Mental Health Film Council - Working Name:
Mental Health Media. Operated throughout England and Wales. Closed (Removed
from the Register) with a transfer of funds (probably to Mind) 1.1.2010.
Objects: "To educate the public generally in the effective use of
television programmes, radio programmes, videotapes, on-line media, films
and other communications and information technologies (hereinafter
collectively referred to as the "media") about mental health or about
people who experience emotional or mental distress or mental disorder ("the
objects") and thereby to counter discrimination and prejudice on the
grounds of mental health".
9.5.1983 Royal Assent
1983 Mental
Health
Act. Under the 1959 Mental Health Act it is legally
unclear
whether a legal order to detain in hospital, against a
person's wishes,
empowers the hospital to impose medical treatments. If it does
(which was
generally accepted), there were no controls in the Act of the
treatments
imposed. The 1983 Act places legal controls on the application
of medical
treatments, particularly surgery,
electro-convulsive therapy
and mood-
altering drugs.
Section 114 introduced the approved social worker (ASW),
specially trained
and qualified in mental health. An approved social worker
(rather than any
social worker) was qualified to make applications for formal
admission.
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Section 117 imposed a duty on local Social Services
Authorities as well as
Health Authorities to provide aftercare services for some
mentally
disturbed patients who have ceased to be detained and who
leave hospital.
Section 121 established the Mental Health Act
Commission
See discussion of need for in 1976 and 1978, 1981; provisons in 1983 and way the commission
interpreted these
(1985). - Reports -
1985 -
1987 -
1989 -
2003 Strangers -
2004/2005 website -
2009: absorbed by Care Quality
Commission -
National archive
July 1983? Announcement of closure of
Friern and
Claybury
7.7.1983 Constitution of the Afro-Caribbean Mental Health
Association. Registered as charity number 287829 30.9.1983). Formed to
provide services in Wandsworth and the
surrounding area.
(external link). Objects:
"a) to relieve and prevent suffering caused by mental illness by
establishing a counselling and voluntary visiting service for the benefit
of inhabitants of wandsworth and the surrounding area and in particular
people of afro-caribbean origin and (b) to relieve poverty and advance
education in connection with other social problems as they appear." At some
time changed its name to
African-Caribbean Mental Health Association. Removed from charities
list 23.9.2009 as no longer operating.
22.7.1983 to 27.7.1983
World Federation for Mental Health congress held Washington, DC,
USA with the theme "Personal and social responsibility in the search for
mental health: Collaboration between volunteers, professionals and
governments in the formation of mental health policy and the delivery of
services". This congress
was announced as a celebration of the work of
Clifford Beers and the first International Congress on Mental Hygiene held in
Washington in May 1930. However, as the title indicates, there was little
space for the voices of users.
For a mental health organisation, to be awarded the
task of hosting a world congress was something like a country being awarded
the Olympic Games. So
Chris Heginbotham, the new director of
Mind was very pleased to secure the congress for
Brighton in 1985.
20.9.1983: Hackney Workers Educational Association
introductory
lecture on
Mental Distress in Old Age given by
Dr Tony
Whitehead
from Brighton. Building on in depth consultation with users,
carers and
providers the series ran for over a year and published an
interim report
in June 1984 and a
final report
in November 1985
Late 1983 Common Concern: MIND's manifesto for a comprehensive
mental health service 63 pages. See
Simon Hebditch October 1983
29.11.1983
House of Lords debate Mental Health: Richmond
Fellowship Inquiry
National Health Service Management Inquiry Report.
London: DHSS, 1983 (Not 1984, I think). ISBN: 0946539014. Sometimes
referred to as the first
Griffiths Report.
Psychiatric Services in Transition From 1983 and 1987, The
King's Fund, with support from the DHSS and NHS Training
Authority, ran workshops and projects about managing the transition to
community care. The main papers produced by the process were published as
"Managing Psychiatric Services in Transition" in 1989
John Illman and Malcolm Lader's Pathways to the mind : 25 years of
Mental Health Foundation research (112 pages) published by the
Mental Health Foundation.
January 1984 Social Services Committee of the House of Commons
decided to investigate community care with special reference to adult
mentally ill and mentally handicapped people
-
5.3.1984 to 16.3.1984 "From Hospital to the Community: The
Italian Experience...A display of photographs, film-shows as well as
discussions at the King's Fund Centre...also in Sheffield and Manchester
at a later date...Italian mental health professionals who have been
involved in implementing the changeover to community care will lead the
discussion. Contact Ron Lacey or Teresa Morawiecka at MIND." (Openmind
February/March 1984)
- April 1984 four members of
Psichiatria
Democratica visited London, Sheffield and Manchester at the
invitation of Alec
Jenner and
Shula Ramon. Alec Jener may be the
psychiatrist who made a favourable report on the Italian experience to the
Social Services Committee. He visited Italy in August 1985.
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Wednesday 25.5.1984 Robert Loudoun, David Friun, Sidney Crown and
Katia Herbst
from the
Mental Health Foundation
questioned by
Social Services Committee. The memorandum submitted by the fund
argued that community projects for mentally handicapped people were
innovative in comparison with those for mentally ill people. (The same
criticism was repeated in the evidence).
"community organisations interested in mental handicap schemes
are 'on the move' in imaginative and radical ways whilst community groups
involved with mental illness schemes remain relatively stuck in the present
'tramlines'" (SSC
1985 volume 2, pages 243)
July 1984 Ten day Social Services Committee visit to the United
States - Its first outside Europe. Mostly about investigating the effects
of de-institutionalisation.
August? 1984 Valerie Argent's poem
Inner Circle
was
written in a psychiatric ward at Hackney Hospital.
22.10.1984 to 23.10.1984 Mind Annual Conference (Kensington
Town Hall). Theme "Life after Mental Illness? Opportunities in an Age of
Unemployment" - [A4 flyer]
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Dr Hugh Freeman was vice-chair of Mind from November? 1984 to
November 1988.
He
succeeded Dr Douglas Bennett.
1.3.1985 The National Unit for Psychiatric Research and
Development (NUPRD) established. On 12.5.1989 this became RDP
Research and Development for Psychiatry.
Matt Muijen
director 1991. On 22.2.1994
the Sainsbury Centre for Mental Health
(Website -
Internet Archive from 20.2.2001 -
Complete publications list starts 1986.)
"Founded in 1985 by the Gatsby Charitable Foundation, one of the Sainsbury
Family Charitable Trusts, from which it receives core funding.
It is
affiliated to the Institute of Psychiatry at King's College, London." See
Towards Coordinated Care
(1988)
- In
2006, Gatsby cut its funding. It shed two-thirds of its staff and
concentrated work on employment issues and criminal justice. In 2009 the
staff were told that it should not expect to remain in its present form
after 2010. Since July 2010, known as Centre for Mental Health.
history on its website
May 1985 The Team for the Assessment of Psychiatric Services
(TAPS) set up to evaluate the transfer of care from psychiatric hospitals
to district-based services. Its specific remit was (included?) an
evaluation
with respect to the closure of
Friern and
Claybury Hospitals. It was also involved at
Warley and
Tooting Bec
-
BBC link -
3.7.1999 -
2000 -
summary
5.7.1985 UK Secretary of State (Norman Fowler) announced
£10,000,000 funding over the next three years for a new programme
called 'Helping the Community to Care'. Its chief aim was to
improve support for elderly people and for those who are
mentally ill and mentally handicapped by helping those who
help them, volunteers, friends and family members.
(source).
About 20 projects were funded, including
Womankind in Bristol.
Speaking from
Experience
- August1985
Alec Jenner's
visit to Italy.
October? 1985
Mental Health Act Commission First Biennial Report 1983-1985 -
Opinion that the 1983 Act could not lawfully be used to produce the effect
of a long-term community treatment order. Upheld in subsequent court
cases.
30.10.1985 Royal Assent to the
1985 Housing Act which established local authority
responsibilities for single people who are "vulnerable", including people
with mental health problems.
4.12.1985
House of Lords debate "Lord Mottistone rose to call attention to
the needs of mentally ill and mentally handicapped persons, with special
reference to community care".
"My knowledge stems mainly from being advised over the years
since the passage of the
Mental Health (Amendment) Act 1982 by the
National Schizophrenic Foundation."
Lord Mottistone (David Seely, 16.12.1920 - 24.11.2011) "first chairman
of...
SANE ... from 1986 to 2009".
December 1985 Forgotten Illness Campaign started
in The Times. This series of articles preceded the foundation of
SANE, a year later.
The Times 16.12.1985 In the first of a three-part investigation
"Marjorie Wallace" reveals the burdens placed on relatives". 17.12.1985
"Through anopen door to despair"
The Times 19.12.1985 Editorial "Ease a Tragedy, Stop a Scandal"
The Times 23.12.1985
In
1985, Mind in Tower Hamlets "began to explore" setting up a Black
and Ethnic communities Mental Health Project. Funding for two workers
enabled the scheme to be launched in
March 1989
Empowerment In 1986 the compilers of the Oxford
Dictionary noticed
that an old (1690)
Quaker
word had re-entered the vocabulary with a secular
meaning. Individuals and groups were being "empowered" to be
stronger and
more confident in controlling their life and claiming their
rights. The
word must have spread quickly: The 1985-1986 Report of City
and Hackney
Community Health Council, for example, was called
Empowering the Users of the Health
Service.
"Developments in mental health services", it said, will not
work well
unless they are supported by the people that use them and so
the CHC
believes they should have a say in planning them and a
continuing say in
how they are run". A similar theme ran through all issues. - See
National Empowerment Center USA 1992.
1986 Foundation of what is now Being Alongside,
the "Association for Pastoral Care in Mental Health"
"through the pioneering effort of Christian parents whose son was mentally
ill.
They wanted to raise awareness of the spiritual needs of people with mental
health problems both in mental health services and in churches."
website
3.3.1986 The Times "A survey conducted in 10 countries
indicates that schizophrenia has a biological basis" by Marjorie Wallace.
Styled as a preview of the forthcoming WHO report and as a critique of
"anti-psychiatry movements" in the USA, West Germany, UK, Italy. Sweden
and France, with a look at the "Eastern Bloc".
8.7.1986 Disabled Persons Services Consultation and
Representation Act.
Under this Act, Social Services must assess the needs of
disabled people on
request for certain welfare services and local authorities
must provide to
meet those needs if they decide it is necessary. Including
provision or
help over telephone, television, radio, library facilities,
holidays,
recreation, access to education, transport to and from
services, social
rehabilitation and adjustment, occupational, social, cultural
and
recreational activities. Disabled means "Blind, Deaf or dumb
or who suffer
from mental disorder of any description or who are
substantially and
permanently handicapped by their illness, injury or congenital
deformity"
November 1986 Psychological Medicine "Early manifestations and
first-contact incidence of schizophrenia in different cultures. A
preliminary report on the initial evaluation phase of the WHO Collaborative
Study on determinants of outcome of severe mental disorders". Ciuntries
studied (since 1977) were Colombia, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, India,
Ireland, Japan, Nigeria, the United Kingdom, the United States and the
Soviet Union.
PubMed. Co-author: Assen Jablensky.
13.11.1986-14.11.1986
Mind's
Annual Conference
held in Hammersmith (London)
Times articles (December 1985) by Marjorie Wallace were
followed in late 1986 by her founding SANE (Schizophrenia: A
National Emergency).
.
(External link to website).
Lord Mottistone was the founding chair. - Registered as
charity number 296572
on 10.4.1987 -
- See
SANE Poster December
1988 -
London Alliance
March 1989 -
SANEline 1992 -
Reclaim Bedlam
March 1999 -
SANE Service User Group
March 2007
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Angela Martin, "female werewolf", explored
adolescent
moods in You worry me Tracey, You really Do. See
her website. In the beginning of the 21st
century Angela illustrated
user involvement in the health services.
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1987
Roy Porter A Social History of Madness: Stories of the
Insane "The writings of the mad challenge the
discourses of the normal... shore up that sense of
personhood and identity which they feel is eroded by society and
psychiatry".
1987 Directors of seven
Therapeutic Communities for children and young people, and other
interested individuals, met in Charterhouse Square, London. The group
continued, calling itself Charterhouse. In 1999 the group was incorporated
as a Charitable Company.
(2.3.2001 archive)
It has since merged into
The Consortium for Therapeutic Communities (TCTC)
March 1987 Compulsory treatment of the mentally disordered in the
community : the field of choice - a discussion document from the
Mental Health Act Commission - See
above
April 1987 Community Treatment Orders - a discussion document
prepared by the Royal College of Psychiatrists
27.6.1987 "Sir, I feel I should declare that I have been
diagnosed as a 'manic
depressive' with schizophrenic tendencies. While this description may
have helped the experts in prescribing me numerous 'drug cocktails'
over the years, it has not proved a notable success on the dance
floors of everyday life. One man's diagnostic tool is another three's
insult."
Peter Campbell. Letters to the Guardian
July 1987 Mind Policy Paper
"Compulsory Treatment in the Community"
Autumn 1987
Peter Barham approached about writing a Penguin Special
on the closure of Asylums. Serious work on it began about 1990 and it was
pubished in
1992 as a straight Penguin.
October 1987
World Federation for Mental Health congress held Cairo, Egypt,
with the theme "The Many Worlds of Mental Health"
October 1987
Mental Health Act Commission Second Biennial Report 1985-1987
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October 1987 Publication of Asylum to Anarchy by
Claire Baron.
The title does not fit he content, which is a sociological analysis of the
development of a "tyranny of the therapeutic" within
Paddington Day Hospital (not named). It is grounded in
participant observation from (roughly)
1975
to
1978 which was developed
into a PhD Thesis in
1984. The book is presented as a theoretical development and
critique of Goffman's
Asylums. It stimulated the research for Helen Spandler's
Asylum to Action
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new-generation antidepressants Fluoxetine (Prozac) was
introduced in 1988. It was the fourth selective serotonin reuptake
inhibitor (SSRI) on the United States market. The "new-generation
antidepressants" are fluoxetine, venlafaxine,
nefazodone, paroxetine (Seroxat).
source. Fluvoxamine was
launched in 1984 and introduced in the United States in 1994 and in Japan
in 1995. See
1994.
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1988
ECT Pros, Cons and Consequences: A
MIND Special Report. The Mind archive relates this back to
the Royal College of Psychiatrists guidance on use in
1977
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1988 Josephine Grace Brand gave up psychiatric nursing to become a
full time professional comedian after being asked to audition for the
Friday Night Live TV show.
March 1988 Community Care: Agenda for action report to
Secretary of State for Health from Sir Roy Griffiths. London: HMSO, 1988
ISBN: 0113211309.
[Sometimes referred to as the second Griffiths report. It was followed by
white papers in
1989 and legislation in
1990]
External link to review by J.K. Wing
July 1988 Government guidance that by 1991 each health district in
England must have developed a care programme to provide for people
chronically disabled by mental illness. (See
Hansard 1.12,1988)
27.8.1988 Death of
William Sargant - His death occasioned controversy
Hugh Freeman wrote in the Guardian: "It is deplorable
that the death
of William Sargant should have been used by David Pilgrim (Letters Sept
7th) for an attack on psychiatry."
Monday 26.9.1988 to Thursday 29.9.1988 Common
Concerns:
International Conference on
User
Involvement in Mental
Health Services held at The University of Sussex under the
auspices of
Mind
and Brighton Health Authority. Participants included Mike
Lawson, a founder
member of the Mental
Patients
Union and of Survivors Speak Out and
Judi
Chamberlin,
author of On Our Own -
Patient
controlled Alternatives to the Mental Health
System.
The conference was an important step towards the coming out
of mental
patients - It was also marked of an early stage in the development of the
term
"user involvement". The term survivor/user action is used by
Pater Campbell (2006)
No conference with such a title now would be taken
seriously
with so few openly declared patients on the platform.
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19.11.1988 At Mind's Annual General Meeting, a
patient replaced a psychiatrist as the vic-chair
LouisePembroke "first met
Judi Chamberlin
in 1988 at the start of my own activism at the annual Mind
conference when her seminal text
On Our Own was published by Mind ... then at a landmark
conference in Brighton entitled
Common Concerns"
28.11.1988 to 30.11.1988
Mind's
Annual Conference
held in
Bournemouth.
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SHE THINKS YOU WANT TO KILL HER
YOU THINK SHE WANTS TO KILL YOU
THEY THINK SHE'LL GO AWAY
In December 1988,
SANE launched a multimedia campaign aimed at raising
public awareness of schizophrenia. The posters caused the most controversy.
Some people thought they communicated the reality of severe mental illness
and made people think about the adequacy of public policy. Others thought
they communicated a stereotype of mentally distressed people and made it
more difficult for those with a label of mental illness to live in the
community.
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David Ennals
was President of Mind from 1989 to
1995
In 1989 the
Planned Environment Therapy Trust Archive and Study Centre was
established to study and make available materials about
therapeutic communities.
In 1989 the Health Authority Archivists' Group was formed. It later became
the Health Archives Group and in 2006 the
Health Archives and Records Group
In 1989 Eldryd and Helen Parry and Richard Southwell set up THET (Tropical
Health and Education Trust). [Present company incororated 2006]. "THET was
asked to support the training of
psychiatric clinical officers in Uganda".
Lancet
December 2014) - See
2003
March 1989 Mind in Tower Hamlets launched its
Black and Ethnic communities Mental Health Project.
July 1989 Street poster showed a young women with spiders crawling
through her hair and across her face, with the text "She has all the love
in the world. But her life is a nightmare" (Rochdale). May have been
North West Schizophrenia Fellowship.
21.8.1989 - 25.8.1989
World Federation for Mental Health congress held in Auckland,
New Zealand, with the theme "Mental Health - Everyone's Concern".
17.9.1989 "The patients who choose loneliness" article by Jeremy
Laurance in the Sunday Correspondent. Hackney patients preferred
life outside hospital. 14.9.1989: Response letter from
Adrian Lovett and Trevor Turner
|
Sunday 10.9.1989 London Observer front page article on the
containment of people in the psychiatric hospital on the island of Leros in
Greece
|
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October 1989 When Mum Died and When Dad Died
published by
"Books Beyond Words". Forty titles have been published since
1989.
Sheila Hollins (born 22.6.1946) looked for pictures to help people with
learning
disabilities cope with feelings. Almost nothing was available to help
people talk about or understand adult feelings.
She decided that she would put picture books together herself and publish
them. She began work with a group of people with learning disabilities,
illustrator Beth Webb, and consultant psychiatrist Dr Lester Sireling.
|
November 1989 Department of Health and Department of Social Security
Caring for People: Community Care in the
Next Decade and Beyond Cmn.849 London: HMSO. 106 pages. ISN:
0101084927 Presented to Parliament by the Secretaries of State for Health,
Social Security, Wales and Scotland by command of Her Majesty, November
1989
November 1989
Mental Health Act Commission Third Biennial Report 1987-1989
30.11.1989 to 1.11.1989
Mind's
"Annual Conference and Exhibition" held in Scarborough. Title
"Money and Mental Health, Financing
the Future". Ros Hepplewhite was welcomed as the new Director. Left
31.12.1991
1990
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Mid 1990 Elaine Murphy spent three months writing After the
Asylums. Community Care for people with mental Illness
(1991) to set out her ideas about what community care should be
about.
29.6.1990
1990 National Health and Community Care Act:
The
"purchaser/provider" split sprang from this Act. From
1991 health
and social services were divided into units that bought
services or
provided them. Social
Services Departments had to set up "arms length" inspection
units.
establish a complaints procedure and (by April 1991) prepare a
Community
Care Plan. Users became entitled to a
Community Care
Assessment
of needs.
A kind of market: Within the National Health Service
and
Local Social Services and along with voluntary and private
organisations,
the government tried to create a market to achieve the
rewards promised by the new
followers of Adam Smith, but with the basic
services remaining
in public ownership and control. The arrangements within the
NHS were known
as the "internal market".
Health Authorities now "commissioned services" from GPs, NHS
"Trusts",
voluntary and private providers. Hospitals were rearranged
as different Trusts, including some "Mental
Health Trusts" or "Mental Health and Learning Disability
Trusts". Some GPs
became "GP fundholders". A similar division took place in
Social Services
For me, the most memorable feature of the period was that I
could not work
out who was who or who was responsible for what.
Unfortunately,
government has learnt the advantages of a fog of confusion.
And there was also provision for user involvement in planning
1990
Wellcome Trust History of Twentieth Century Medicine Group
established to bring together clinicians, scientists, historians and others
interested in contemporary medical history. In 1993 Wellcome Witness
Seminars were introduced to promote interaction between these different
groups, and to encourage the creation and deposit of archival sources for
present and future use.
external link
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19.9.1990 - 20.9.1990 A conference on the future of mental
health services for the black communities held at the City University,
London. Report (iii and 48 pages) compiled by Carol Baxter, and edited by
Yvonne
Christie and Linda Moore, published by the
King's Fund Centre in 1991. Also published Is race on your
agenda? : improving mental health services for people from black and
minority groups by
Yvonne Christie and Roger Blunden.
October 1990 In 1990, the U.S. Congress established the first full
week of October as Mental Illness Awareness Week
(website)
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Tuesday 9.10.1990 to Thursday 11.10.1990
Mind's
Annual Conference
held in
at the Royal Albion Hotel, 35 Old Steine, Brighton, Sussex - topic was
"Advocacy, in all its varying forms"
[Lisa Haywood and
Jan Wallcraft
took
part in the planning]
24.11.1990 Mind's Annual General Meeting at the Cavendish Conference
Centre, London. (Mind members only)
28.11.1990 John Major United Kingdom Prime Minister
following the resignation of Margaret Thatcher.
1991
Elaine Murphy
After the Asylums: Community care for people with mental
illness [See 1990 and
Peter Barham 1992]
April 1991
Mental Illness Specific Grant became available in the United Kingdom.
See survey of impact in Scotland
|
May 1991First Mental Health Services Conference held "back to back"
with the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists
conference in Adelaide.
(history)
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21.7.1991 "British Prime Minister John Major has launched a
citizen's charter to improve public services."
BBC
|
August 1991
World Federation for Mental Health congress held in Mexico, with
the theme "People and Science: Together for Mental Health".
October 1991 Madness: A Study Guide by David Herman and Jim
Green (32 pages) Produced to accompany a three part BBC2 television series
Madness, by Jonathan Miller, shown on 6.10.1991 "To Define True
Madness" - 13.10.1991 "Out of Sight" - 20.10.1991 "Brainwaves".
12.11.1991 to 14.11.1991
Mind's
Annual Conference
held in
Blackpool. Theme "The Politics of Mental health" - speakers included
Jeffrey Mason and
Edna Conlan
November 1991
Survivors' Poetry founded by Frank Bangay
and others.
From
Dark to Night, an anthology edited by Frank Bangay, Hilary
Porter and
Joe Bidder, was published by the Survivors Press in 1992. In
1999, an
illustrated collection of Frank Bangay's poems Naked Songs
and Rhythms
of Hope (1974 to 1999) was co-published by Spare Change
Books, Box 26,
136-138 Kingsland High Street, Hackney, London, E8 2NS and
Survivors
Poetry, (then at 34 Osnaburgh Street, London, NW1
3ND). In 2001
A
True Voice
Singing, a CD of Frank Bangay reading fifteen of his poems
to musical
backgrounds, was published by
CORE
Arts.
Frank Bangay can often be heard performing at the Krazy Kats n
Dogs
Klub
31.12.1991
Ros Hepplewhite left
Mind to join the DHSS
as Chief Executive of the Child Support Agency. Jeff Cox was Acting
Director until
Judi Clements started in April 1992
1992 SANE established
SANEline - an out of hours (evenings) telephone helpline for emotional
support and information for people affected by mental health problems.
end of February 1992 Intention to set up a mental health task force
announced.
April 1992 Judi Clements became Chief Executive of
Mind (To
2001), in place of
Ros Hepplewhite,
who had left in December 1991.
9.4.1992 to 5.7.1995 Virginia Bottomley UK Secretary of State
for Health
August 1992
Peter Barham
Closing the asylum: The mental patient in modern society
Penguin. "Discusses NHS spending cuts
and the recent drive towards closing mental hospitals and treating patients
by means of 'community care'... speculates on the adequacy of community
care and support." [See
1987 and
Elaine Murphy 1991]
September 1992 Mental Health Task Force set up by
UK Government "to help unlock resources from the old, long-stay
institutions and to help build up a balanced range of local services, based
on best practice".
(Hansard 17.12.1973. See also
Hansard 2.4.1993).
The full membership of
the group and its support groups was still being finalised in January 1993.
The task force was led by
David King, assisted by
Tony Day (Development Manager). The other eight members were:
Alan Bell (Business manager), Martin Ede (Public Relations), Mary Mark
(Administrator), Richard Moore (District Review Programme), Judy
Turner-Crowson (Service Quality Programme).
Stuart Fletcher (Service Users Programme), and Neil Huggins (Users Forum
Co-ordinator) and
Yvonne Christie (Black Users Programme).
The Final Report of the Mental Health Task Force was
published in 1995 See
website of Tony Day.
Early October 1992 Peter Lilley's speech to the Conservative Party
Conference as Secretary of State at the Department of Social Security:
"I've got a little list / Of benefit offenders who I'll soon be rooting out
/ And who never would be missed / They never would be missed. / There's
those who make up bogus claims / In half a dozen names / And councillors
who draw the dole / To run left-wing campaigns / They never would be missed
/ They never would be missed. / There's young ladies who get pregnant just
to jump the housing queue / And dads who won't support the kids / of ladies
they have ... kissed / And I haven't even mentioned all those sponging
socialists / I've got them on my list / And there's none of them be missed
/ There's none of them be missed."
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24.11.1992 to 26.11.1992
Mind's
Annual Conference
held in
Bournemouth. Theme "Partnership"
Murders by patients are often
blamed on "community care". I have not murdered anyone. Is
community care
responsible for that?
31.12.1992 Ben Silcock, a 27-yearold
man, climbed into the lion's den at London
Zoo where he was mauled by a lion.
atypical anti-psychotics Risperidone was launched in the
United Kingdom in 1993 - Clozapine (which has a long history) was
released in 1990 - Sertindole and Olanzapine were
launched in 1996. The claim for the atypicals is that they have less
debilitating side-effects than
Chlorpromazine.
Homeless mentally ill people not ex-patients of the
asylums. Who are
they? Publication of a study by J. Leff following 278
patients who
were discharged from two long-stay mental hospitals in north
London, as
part of closure programme. It was argued that as only seven
patients (1%)
were lost to follow-up, possibly becoming homeless, homeless
psychiatric
patients were not the result of hospital closure programmes.
Paper on
East Anglia University website
has been
removed, but see
bibliography
The Independent Wednesday 13.1.1993
Letter: Physical causes of schizophrenia
From Marjorie Wallace, Chief Executive,
SANE, London, NW1
11 January
David Hill's views on
schizophrenia are contradicted by studies from the
World Health Organisation and other professional agencies which
show that schizophrenia
is a problem that affects all races and social classes. There is growing
evidence that it involves a biochemical imbalance in the brain and is not
simply used as a label to cover those who are socially disadvantaged. The
recent case of Ben Silcock - an intelligent young man from an ordinary
middle-class background - illustrates this point.
If the existence of schizophrenia is denied, it is no wonder that sufferers
such as Mr Silcock are not taken seriously, and denied care and treatment
even when they ask for it.
|
Details on the remaining large mental illness hospitals, with over 100
beds, were published in the mental health task force report, "Survey of
English Mental Illness Hospitals, March 1993", copies of which are
available in the Library
(Hansard 22.2.1995)
6.3.1993 "Italy retreats from community care for mentally ill" -
"Chris Endean, Rome correspondent, European in News section of the
British Medical Journal offline. Reproduced with the heading "Italian
Psychiatry in Crisis. Italy retreats from Community Care for the Mentally
Ill" in
Asylum Summer 1993, followed by "In defense of
law 180 - the story that isn't being told" by
Mark
Greenwood.
28.4.1993 Health Committee of the House of Commons resolved to
"examine the implications of any extension of legal powers under the Mental
Health Act 1983 for the care of people with mental illness in the
community"
29.4.1993
David King of the
Mental Health Task Force
described his brief to users
"To deliver management objectives on flow of capital and
revenue for
strategic planning...To look at other options/providers/cost
structures in mental health apart from traditional health services
ones...To get the concept of consumer satisfaction into the mental
health arena which is difficult because of the underlying element of
compulsory treatment... To bring in a notion of quality for users ..To
inform what is going on -
bringing discussion of hospital closure into the public arena, so
people understand the issues (as) talk of hospital closures brings
strong reactions, and lobbying from MPs."
|
April 1993 Child Support Agency brought into operation.
Ros Hepplewhite was
the first director.
26.5.1993 Evidence from Ian Bino and
Lisa Haywood from
Mind and from
David Crepaz-Keay and
Jan Wallcraft from
Survivors Speak Out to the
Health Committee Inquiry
VISIT TO TRIESTE MENTAL HEALTH SERVICE
MAY 2ND - 9TH 1993
AN OPPORTUNITY TO TAKE PART IN AN
ORGANISED VISIT TO
TRIESTE TO SEE AT
FIRST HAND THE WORK OF THE MENTAL
HEALTH SERVICE
COST APPROX. £300 (subject to fimalised costs)
INCLUDES
FLIGHT * ACCOMODATION *
GUIDE/INTERPRETER
Trip includes four day visit of service
including mental health services,
cooperatives, plus oportunity to visit Venice
For further details write to TRIESTE '93, c/o
MACC, Swan Buildings, 20 Swan st. Manchester
M4 5JW Tel: 061 834 9823
Asylum magazine Winter 1992/1993, page
7.
|
11.7.1993 Julie Birchill in The Mail on Sunday
"Last week saw the conviction of a schizophrenic released from
the hatch only to rape three women; there have been 40 murders by mental
patients in the two blood-drenched years since the grotesquely named Care
in the Community con came into being. Not only have the lunatics taken over
the asylum; thanks to this government they've now taken over the streets
too, making them one big open prison. Open for them, prison for us."
23.8.1993 to 27.8.1993
World Federation for Mental Health congress held Tokyo, Japan,
with the theme "Mental Health: Toward the 21st Century"
November 1993
Mind's
Annual Conference
held in Scarborough (?). Theme "Creating Diversity"
["Diverse Minds -
Background and aims - In 1993 Mind published a policy on Black
and Minority Ethnic mental health which highlighted major concerns about
the impact of racism on people's lives, on their mental health and on the
services they receive."] [Participants may have included Joe Brand]
Friday 17.12.1993
Jayne Zito's
account of her experience published in The Independent.
1994 was a "difficult year" for
Mind. About here it moved from Harley Street to
Stratford, in East London. It faced an annual deficit of £250,000 and
had to "re-structure" in a way that meant loosing many members of staff.
February 1994 The report of the Inquiry into the Care and
Treatment of
Christopher Clunis presented to the chairman of North East
Thames and South East Thames Regional Health Authorities
Mental Health Task Force Calendar of Events
March 1994
Second tranche of small grants to be announced
Training the trainers days for service users at Coventry,
Manchester and Taunton.
Conferences for service users at Northampton and Birmingham
Conference for black service users Leicester
|
Mental Health Task Force Calendar of Events
April 1994
Report on services and closure plans in three regions.
Managing Transitional Costs - booklet to be published.
Conferences for service usesr at Salisbury and Sheffield
Support Group meeting
|
10.5.1994 HSG(94)27 guidance stated that after any homicide by a
person previously in contact with mental health services, the relevant
health authority and/or social services should set up an independent
inquiry and publish a report on the lessons to be learnt. There were over
120 inquiries by 2002. (Zito Trust website 2002)
May 1994
Mind launched its "Breakthrough - Making Community Care
Work" campaign. A petition said "Thousands of people with mental health
problems are without proper care in the community. We the undersigned are
asking Virginia Bottomley to provide them with rights to 24-hour crisis
services, supported accommodation, secure provision, appropriate therapy
and opportunities for employment". A Community Care Bill was
presented to the UK parliament in January 1995 by Tessa Jowell. The
campaign claimed that "the government has failed to provide sufficient
funding to implement the
Community Care Act" and that "More than a year after its
official introduction, Care in the Community is still far from being an
effective reality". The "official introduction" may refer to the
Mental Health Task Force.
Mental Health Task Force Calendar of Events
May 1994
Video of good practice on alternatives to hospital admissionn
Conference for service users at Ipswich
Conference for black service users Manchester
Workshops for Directors of Finance commence
|
Mental Health Task Force Calendar of Events
June 1994
Guidance for purchasers on services for people with severe mental illness
Conference for service users at Eastbourne
Conference for black service users at Leeds
|
Summer [July?] 1994 In
Listen To Me - Communicating the Needs of People with Profound
Intellectual
and Multiple Disabilities
Pat Fitton
shared what
her daughter,
Kathy, had taught her.
July 1994 Bryan Bennett (aged 57), a client of Worland Day Centre,
Newham, was killed by, Stephen Laudat (aged 26) who attended drop ins run
in the centre. Stephen was paranoic and thought Bryan was one of the Kray
twins stabbed Bryan 82 times. Stephen had a history of assault in prison
and hospital, which had not been cmmunicated. Most of the Worland clients
were white, Stephen's parents came from
Dominica.
Stephen's
father said "As a black boy I know my son will be drugged up in your prison
and hospital. I don't expect the best for my son, I expect the worst".
Stephen was sent to
Rampton
(December 1994). The inquiry into the killing was chaired by Len Woodley,
Britain's first black QC. Its recommendations influenced
THACMHO in Tower Hamlets.
Mental Health Task Force Calendar of Events
July 1994
Conference for service users at Preston
Conference for black service users at Bristol
Support Group meeting
|
October 1994: In Finding a Place: A Review of Mental
Health
Services for Adults, the Audit Commission found that the
favoured
policy, of individual, locally based care within the
community, was
"struggling".
Mental Health Task Force Calendar of Events
October 1994
World Mental Health Day
National conference for black mental health service users
|
1.11.1994 to 3.11.1994
Mind's
Annual Conference
held in
Brighton. Theme
"Break through: making community care work".
12.11.1994 New Scientist "Drug brings relief to big spenders"
contrasted a seasonal world wide "orgy of spending" before Christmas with
the life of "some unfortunates" for whom "the obsessive urge to shop lasts
all year long". "Now... there may be drugs that can cure
compulsive shoppers". It reported pilot studies in Iowa and Cincinnati by
Donald Black and Susan McElroy with
Fluvoxamine. The
article said "Compulsive shopping is probably closest in nature to "impulse
control disorders", but "also resembles
obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), a strange complaint that
causes sufferers endlessly to repeat pointless tasks like washing their
hands".
Saturday 26.11.1994 Mind's Annual General Meeting held in Stratford
Town Hall. David Peryer (one time Director of Social Services in
Humberside) elected chair and
Lisa Haywood Vice Chair
December 1994 Launch of
Schizophrenia Media Agency
January 1995
The Zito Trust
registered as a charity (No. 1043754)
1995 "The Black Health Foundation" started as part of the King's
Fund. Became the
Afiya Trust in 1997. See
1999 - See
website and publications -
Patrick Vernon
- April 2009
Twitter -
2010 -
2011 -
2012 OBE
24.1.1995 Tessa Jowell presented the
Community Care (Rights to Mental Health Services)
Bill to the House of Commons.
Lisa Haywood, vice-chair of Mind, on the left -
Judi Clements
National Director in
the centre - Tessa Jowell -
David Peryer, chair, on the right.
20.2.1995 Government asked in the House of Lords, how
it judged the
strength of local and family opposition to the proposed
closure of the
following long-stay hospitals for mentally handicapped people:
Cell
Barnes
Hospital,
St Ebbas
Hospital, Turner Village Hospital,
Llanfrechfa Grange
Hospital, Northgate Hospital, Prudhoe Hospital,
Meanwood Park
Hospital,
Ida
Darwin Hospital, Calderstones Hospital,
Leybourne Grange
Hospital, Tilworth
Grange Hospital, Clarefield Hospital.
|
|
Spring 1995:
Home at Last: How two young women with profound intellectual
and multiple
disabilities achieved their own home.
by
Pat Fitton, Carol O'Brien and Jean Willson
8.11.1995 Royal Assent
1995 Mental Health (Patients in the
Community) Act. See
above
1995
World Federation for Mental Health congress held
Dublin, Ireland, with the theme "Time for Reflection".
|
In its response to the Scottish Affairs Committee's Report on The
Closure of Psychiatric Hospitals in Scotland in 1995, The Scottish
Office committed itself to production of "A Statement of Aims and Points
which we would expect to be covered in local strategies". The
Framework for Mental Health Services in Scotland fulfilled that
commitment.
|
2.9.1996 A group of ex-squatters in south London registered a
company (3244552) called Cooltan Arts. This became a registered charity in
1997 (1064231). Now described as "an arts in the community organisation
providing a participant-run resource for people with mental distress
including the provision of arts workshops and a gallery in Southwark". It
obtained a Mind Millennium award "to set up an art group for women who had
survived mental distress, sexual assault and trauma. The classes enabled
women to share their experiences and develop their creativity in a safe
space".
(history)
April 1996 First meeting of the "Standing Advisory Group on
Consumer
Involvement in the NHS Research and Development Programme" established
by
Director of Research and Development in the Department of
Health. See
first report 1.1.1998. Later known as "Consumers in NHS
Research". In 2001 the Group widened its
remit to cover public health and social care research commissioned by the
Policy Research Programme of the Department of Health. See
2002/2003 Newsletter. Became
INVOLVE
in July
2003.
9.7.1996 Lin Russell (45), her two daughters, Josie (9) and Megan
(6) and their dog Lucy tied up and savagely beaten with a hammer in Kent.
Only Josie survived. Michael Stone (who claims he was innocent) was
convicted of the murder. Michael Stone having been previously diagnosed as
psychopathic, but untreatable, prompted revision of the
treatability requirement for legal detention. A "National
Personality Disorder Development Programme" was introduced and
ran from 2002 to 2011.
26.3.1997
Afiya Trust registerd
as a charity (Charity No: 1061596/0). Afiyah means Health: free from
illness and grief.
|
|
See
Lydia Yee
and
Valerie Amos
The Afiya Trust became independent of
the King's Fund in
April 1999
Early May 1997 After several months of breaking down, Joe Wick's, a
character on BBC EastEnders, is diagnosed as having Schizophrenia -
weblink -
Adrianne Reveley (medical adviser)
"Schizophrenia is the last great stigma. We have seen cancer,
AIDS, and Alzheimer's disease accepted and admitted by a number of
celebrities, and this has helped everyone else who suffers. We
psychiatrists know there are celebrities who have schizophrenia - we treat
them- but few feel able to "come out." That is why a story on a national
soap is so important." (Adrianne Reveley)
May 1997 Blair
Government
New Labour - New Community Care
|
20 May 1997 After
seventeen years,
Robert James Maxwell was succeded by Rabbi Julia Neuberger as Chief
Executive of the
King's Fund -
Press report
1.6.1997 New website of the
Mental Health
Foundation first saved in
International Archive.
6.7.1997 to 11.7.1997:
World Federation for Mental Health congress held in Lahti and
Helsinki, Finland. The theme "Cornerstones for Mental Health" focused on
"social, economic, environmental, ethical, physical and psychological
issues of mental health". Topics were covered
under five cornerstone themes: 1) ethics and values; 2) wellness: healthy
body and mind; 3) social structures, culture and environment; 4)
interaction, relationships and personal autonomy; 5) services for
mental health: purchasing, providing, using.
See users
10.10.1997
World Mental Health Day. - The Alliance for Psychosocial Nursing
(APN) launched at Kensington Town Hall, London (England) where the
Bethlem Hospital was celebrating its 750th anniversary and the
Nursing Times was hosting the 6th International Congress on Mental Health
Nursing. More than 400 nurses from 15 countries joined the celebratory
launch.
October 1997 Controversial BBC Panorama programme on mental health.
1998 Mind's "Key dates in the history of
mental health and community care" was compiled by
George Stewart of Mind Information Unit. The first version was 1998.
It was updated in January 2003. The first
Internet Archive I have traced was
28.12.2005.
Current location - The
chronology starts
in
1601. It has
very extensive
material about recent mental health history.
Care in the community?: a history of the reprovision programme
of Friern
Hospital
1.1.1998 Modernising mental health services safe, sound and
supportive
Department of Health (England).
archived outline
Friday 16.1.1998 "Is the media a friend or foe of psychiatry". Panel
discussion organised by the Royal College of Psychiatrists at Maudsley
Hospital. Chaired by Marjorie Wallace. Panel members: Anthony Clare, Raj
Persaud, Rob Kerwin and Martin Deahl.
Care in the community is [not] scrapped
Saturday 17.1.1998 "Care in the community is scrapped". The Daily
Telegraph claims that statements made by Frank Dobson, the Secretary of
State for Health, amount to the scrapping of the Care in the Community
policy
BBC: "The controversial policy of releasing
mentally ill people from hospitals
is to be scrapped by the Government. The Health Secretary, Frank Dobson,
said the care in the community programme launched by the Conservatives in
1990 had failed"
Sunday 18.1.1998 Frank Dobson told a BBC Radio 5 Live phone-in that
there was a substantial minority of people who were either dangerous, or
made such a nuisance of themselves that they needed 24-hour supervision -
but that did not mean, as the Daily Telegraph reported on Saturday,
that the entire care in the community scheme was to be abolished.
Monday 19.1.1998
"Dobson denies call to scrap care in community"
Anthony Bevins The Independent
May 1998:
Audit Commission published
Home Alone: The Housing Aspects of
Community
Care -
archive
July 1998 Catherine Eadie started her website
Mental Health in the UK. "One of the first UK user-led mental
health websites and still going strong to this day" (15.2.2014).
Care in the Community has failed - Health Secretary, Frank Dobson
repeated this statement several times. It is the misfortune of politicians
that their most outrageous
statements are remembered for ever. This one must rank alongside Margaret
Thatcher's
"There is no such
thing as society". The statement is prominent in
Modernising
Mental Health
Services. Safe, sound and supportive. As this
also says that
community care had brought "many beneficial changes", and as
it shows no
intention of abandoning community care, I would interpret it
to mean that
care in the community has failed
for some, and
in
some
respects and so
the government was bringing in a new model of community care
which would
address the problems.
29.7.1998 Frank Dobson Outline Third Way for Mental Health.
(Press release) - First of two press
releases alleging that care in the community has failed.
School holidays - Summer 1998 Being bored,
Andrew Tierney and
friends decided to explore the site of the disused mental hopital at
Cane Hill in Surrey, close to their homes. The site had been
closed since 1992 and nothing constructive was happening to it. In May 1999
they explored nearby
Netherne. This site was being re-developed. Later the same year
Andrew started
the_one.uk "the UKs only Urban Exploration website. Urban
exploration is exploring tunnels, buildings and other "urban" things. It's
popular in the US, Canada, and Australia". The first
Internet Archive of this was taken on
21.1.2000. The site evolved into
UrbeX UK - urban exploration in the UK in January 2002.
(Internet Archive)
|
25.9.1998 "Prime Minister Kjell Magne Bondevik of Norway returned to
work this week after a three-and-a-half-week sick leave for depression and
insisted that he could handle the stress of the job".
(The New York Times) - See
January 2008
7.10.1998 Launch of
Changing Minds campaign by the Royal College
of
Pyschiatrists
22.10.1998 to 24.10.1998
World Federation for Mental Health 50th Anniversary Symposium
held Church House, Westminster in London, with the theme "Partners for
Mental Health: Nations for Mental Health". -
Highlights -
offline.
30.10.1998 Death of David "Rocky" Bennett, a 38-year-old African
Caribbean, in the
Norvic
Clinic
medium secure unit in Norwich after being pinioned face down on the floor
for 25 minutes by a team of at least four nurses. The report into his death
was published in
December 2003
October 1998 John Hutton was
Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Health and Social Care. He
became Minister of State with responsibility for Social Care at the
Department of Health in 1999. - Minister for Health in 1999 - Minister of
State for Health in June 2001. -
3.11/1998 to 5.11.1998
Mind Conference in Brighton with the theme "An Effective
Approach to Mental Health". Mind wanted "participants to share knowledge
about delivering user-friendly" services, and ran a major consultation on
what and who should be in the programme.
The ministerial speaker was John Hutton: "Remember the infamous John Hutton
speech "we will not tolerate a culture of
non-compliance" [with medication] (Louise Pembroke). "I walked along the
seafront and arrived just after Hutton had spoken to find lots of anger in
the air. The rumour was that he had just been appointed
as a junior health minister and was completely out of his depth just
reading his script and apparently expecting most people present to agree
with him." (Thurstine Basset) "Well he got a surprise didn't he! The
outraged response from the audience was reported in the Argus the following
day" (Louise Pembroke). [Email discussion 10.12.2009]
See
Beehive report relative to Mind
Conference.
Modernising
Mental Health
Services. Safe, sound and supportive
8.12.1998 Strategy Launched To Modernise Mental Health Services
(Press release) - Second of two press
releases alleging that care in the community has failed.
The Testimonies Project
As the old asylum based hospitals were replaced with different models of
treatment, there was concern that the stories of those who had spent time
there would be forgotten. Between 1999 and 2004 a group of interviewers
from a range of backgrounds went across England and Wales to record first
hand accounts from individuals who had experienced life in such
institutions.
Testimony - Inside Stories of Mental Health
Care
gives you online access to video clips and transcripts of the interviews.
|
Outside the walls of the asylum : the
history of care
in the community, 1750-2000
April 1999 UK
National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE)
established. It became the
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence in April 2013.
See also Social Care Institute for
Excellence (SCIE)
Monday 19.4.1999 "Religion and Severe Mental Illness Conference",
arranged by Martin Aaron, chair of The Jewish Association for the Mentally
Ill, with key speakers: Stephen Sykes, the Bishop of Ely - Dr Zaki Badawi,
the Principal of the Muslim College - and Dr Jonathan Sacks, the UK's Chief
Rabbi.
BBC News -
an archive
April 1999 The
Afiya Trust became independent of
the King's Fund.
See
Peter Scott Blackman. His efforts and ability "were recognised
by Barry
Mussenden of the Department of Health and Lydia Yee, the then Chairperson
of the Afyia Trust"
Since May
1999 Afiya became the home
of several vital projects involving carers support, community involvement
and mental health. The objects of the charity are to advance education in
subjects concerned with the health of persons from minority ethnic groups
and institutions established to relieve sickness and to protect and
preserve the health of persons from minority ethnic groups in the United
Kingdom.
Saturday 19.6.1999 I started
this webpage
3.7.1999 British Medical Journal
Outcome of long stay psychiatric patients resettled in the community:
prospective cohort study by Noam Trieman, Julian Leff, and
Gyles Glover.
17.7.1999 Richardson Report (to Ministers). Published November 1999
as
"Department of Health.Review of the Mental Health Act 1983. Report of the
expert committee. London: DoH, 1999")
(external link to download)
5.9.1999 to 10.9.1999
World Federation for Mental Health congress held Santiago,
Chile,
with the theme "Interfaces in Mental Health: Poverty, Quality of Life and
Society".
23.9.1999:
Audit Commission published
Children in Mind: Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services
30.9.1999
National Service Framework for Mental Health: Modern Standards
and Service
Models Department of Health (1999) London: The Stationery
Office.
A written answer originally given on 17.7.1997, but updated
16.11.1999 by
Secretary of State, Alan Milburn, identified hospitals listed
as having
recently been, or currently, the subject of consultation which
could lead
to the full closure. The psychiatric hospitals on this list
included:
Fulbourn
,
Goodmayes,
Horton,
Napsbury,
Runwell,
Shenley,
Warley,
Belmont,
St.
Andrew's,
St.
Mary's,
Winterton
Hospitals,
All
Saints,
Ida
Darwin,
Sundridge
Hospital,
Highcroft,
Monyhull,
St.
Edward's,
Stallington,
|
November/December 1999
"Current discussion is almost entirely
preoccupied with service users as dangerous, murderous and threatening.
Mental health service users have to change this." (Peter
Beresford)
|
Bapu Trust was formally established in 1999, in memory of
Bapu and from her legacy.
archive of origin -
Its project office Center for Advocacy in Mental Health (CAMH) was started
in August 2000. (archive). The first issue of
Aaina, its newsletter, was in January 2001.
(archive). Its first editor was
Jayasree Kalathil.
|
Henry Rollins' article
"Psychiatry at
2000 - a Bird's Eye View
Community Care
in the Making:
A History of the Mental After Care Association
1879-2000
January 2000:
Audit Commission published
Forget Me Not: Mental Health Services for Older People
13.1.2000 Convention on the International Protection of Adults
signed at the Hague.
(external link)
Spring 2000: Rossbret (hosted by Rootsweb)
workhouse and hospitals (including asylums)
mailing
list established.
(archives). Supported by people
engaged in
family history, the list and its
website
reflect a major change in social attitudes from the days when
a relative in
an asylum was a closely guarded secret.
More social history links
May 2000 Mental
Health Foundation says this was its first Mental Health Awareness
Week. Its
web archives suggest that it was actually a theme developed for
the established Mental Health Awareness Week.
The first
fifteen themes were
: 2000: Stigma -
2001: Friendship - 2002: Out at Work - 2003: Work-life Balance -
2004: Mood - 2005: Exercise - 2006: Alcohol - 2007: Friendship (again) -
2008: Anger - 2009: Fear - 2010: Loneliness - 2011: Sleep - 2012: Doing
Good - 2013: Let's Get Physical - 2014: Anxiety -
2015 Mindfulness
|
|
24.5.2000
John Hutton on non-compliance with psychiatric medication.
20.7.2000 Royal Assent to the Care Standards Act 2000
16.9.2000 to 17.9.2000. Two-day workshop on developing a
Wellness Recovery Action Plan. Colchester, England.
September 2000 Basic Needs (UK based Trust) began operations
in South India. See
website -
Basic Needs Review May 2004
offline
22.11.2000 [Press release:
"Survivors Add New Voices to Dark Chapter in Medical History"
- [Our
archive] [Mental Health Testimony Archive]
1.12.2001
Mental Health
Media
seeking senior Public Relations Ofiicers for consultancy work. "Next year
sees the launch of its Media Bureau, which is described as a 'one-stop PR
shop'. It will provide media skills and support to those seeking dialogue
with the media about mental health issues. The charity's media manager Emma
Stewart will co-ordinate an advisory group consisting of PROs with mental
health interests, journalists and mental health professionals. Those
interested will work on a project-by-project basis, Stewart said."
25.1.2001 Health Service Journal: "
Judi Clements, chief executive of Mind for nine years, is
leaving because of diabetes-related health problems and arthritis."
Valuing People: A New Strategy for Learning Disability for
the 21st
Century Department of Health March 2001. The first
white
paper for
people with learning disability since
Better Services for the
Mentally
Handicapped in June 1971.
- It says we should all be citizens with legal and civil
rights.
- It supports independence.
- It supports having more choice.
- It supports being included.
The Social Care Institute for Excellence (SCIE) was established by the
United Kingdom Government in 2001 to improve social care services for
adults and children. -
website - See
February 2007
The National Schizophrenia Association's
Self-Management Project
was set up in 2001 - Also called its Recovery Project
About May 2001 New, purpose built and clinically
designed, mental
health unit,
Sevenacres, opened at Newport on the Isle of Wight.
Friday 18.5.2001 "In her last speech as
Mind's Chief Executive, Judi Clements addressed the audience at
the Mind
Awards today and questioned how far public and political understanding of
mental health issues had moved on over the last few years."
(Press Release)
22.7.2001
World Federation for Mental Health congress held Vancouver,
Canada, with the theme "Respecting Diversity in Mental Health in a Changing
World" -
Mad Pride march
|
October 2001 Launch of "Well?" The Scottish
Executive's National
Programme for Improving the Mental Health and Well-Being of
Scotland's
Population. See
Well? on the web -
2006 archive
|
22.10.2001 to 26.10.2001 Presentations by
Mary Ellen Copeland "Mental Health Recovery Facilitator's
Training" in Birmingham, England followed by "Mental Health Recovery
Seminars" 30.10.2001 to 31.10.2001 Limerick, Ireland
13.11.2001 to 15.11.2001
Mind's
Annual Conference
held in Scarborough. Theme "Caught in the Act? Working for
services and law which meet users' needs"
|
27.11.2001 Jack McConnell replaced Henry McLeish as First Minister
of Scotland in the Labour/Liberal coalition government. He made a large
number of number of changes to the Scottish Ministers, including replacing
Susan Deacon as Minister for Health and Community Care with her Deputy,
Malcolm Chisholm.
|
|
Between February 2001 and March 2002 Gary McKinnon is alleged
to have hacked into USA military (and other) computers. McKinnon has been
diagnosed as suffering from an "autism spectrum disorder compounded with
clinical depression".
(Wikipedia)
Valuing People with Profound and
Multiple Learning
Disabilites
1.1.2002 Breaking the Circles of Fear
A review of the relationship between
mental health services and
African and Caribbean communities by Frank Keating, David Robertson,
Andrew McCulloch, and Errol Francis, published by
The Sainsbury Centre for Mental Health.
archive copy -
Research Gate
"We have reached a point in the relationship between the Black
communities and mental health services where there are truly Circles of
Fear. Black people mistrust and often fear services, and staff are often
wary of the Black community, fearing criticism and not knowing how to
respond, and fearful of young Black men. The cycle is fuelled by
prejudice, misunderstanding, misconceptions and sometimes racism."
January 2002
Jeremy Jones of
Norwich
began
his website
(archive)
- See also
1902 Medical Dictionary and
1962 history of mental
hospitals
20.2.2002
Sue Lou began
her journal
February 2002 Launch of The
Social Perspectives Network for Modern
Mental Health (SPN)
March 2002 First edition of
Service Standards for Therapeutic Communities published.
18.6.2002 The Early Years of the
National Schizophrenia Fellowship published by Rethink.
website -
offline
- Produced by The History Group:
President: Cecil Kavanagh - Chair: Jenny Fisher - Group members: Nicholas
Lines - Joy Major - David Morphet - Dorothy Silberston - Philip Wilmot -
Editor: John Wing
June 2002
National Institute for Mental Health in England
(NIMHE)
launched. "To improve the quality of life of anyone
with a mental health problem." Part of Care Services Improvement
Partnership. - See
Experts by Experience April 2002 -
Mental Health Research Network 2003 -
Making
a
Real Difference 2005 -
A
website archive started 10.8.2006.
Making
a Real
Difference 2006 -
The National Institute for Mental Health in England was succeded by the
The
National Mental Health Development Unit
in April 2009.
17.8.2002 Ian Huntley held at
Rampton. He was sectioned under the Mental Health Act just
before he was charged with the murders of two 10-year-olds from Soham,
Cambridgeshire. On 8.10.2002 he was found fit to stand trial and
moved from Rampton to a prison. The Mental Health Alliance cancelled a
march on 14.9.2002 because:
"Fears were expressed that the alliance could not guarantee the health and
safety of the march participants in the atmosphere of misunderstanding of
people with mental health problems in the wake of events in Soham,"
October 2002
The 'see me' campaign launched to challenge stigma
and
discrimination around mental ill-health in Scotland
21.10.2002 "Brain tumour causes uncontrollable paedophilia"
New
Scientist -
BBC News. Account of case reported by
neurologists Russell Swerdlow and Jeffrey Burns, of the University of
Virginia at Charlottesville, who "believe it is the first reported case
linking damage to the region with paedophilia". "We're dealing with the
neurology of morality here," says Swerdlow.
pdf of Burns and
Swerdlow 2003
23.10.2002
Mental Health Alliance lobby of UK Parliament -
Press Release
|
Adult Mental Health Services: A
National
Service Framework for Wales Welsh Assembly Government (2002) Cardiff:
The Stationery Office.
|
Fourteen collaborative art projects took place in hospitals across
Edinburgh and the Lothians between 2003 and 2005. A creative and
colourful
report on all of them was published in 2005 as Extraordinary Everyday
-
Explorations in Collaborative Art in Healthcare
|
|
|
|
January 2003
Making Things Happen Better, the
first annual
report of the Learning Disability Task Force.
archive copy -
task force
-
Guardian Review online
The Task Force was jointly chaired by Michelle Chinery an independent
consultant who has a learning disability and Chris Davies who is in charge
of Social Services for Somerset County Council
|
January? 2003 Start of Mental Health Research Network
set up by the
National Institute for Mental Health in England (NIMHE).
The earliest
international archive of the website is 8.12.2003. There
is an
archive on this site of the earliest text archived.
Service User Research Group England (SURGE)
was its service user arm. The UK Mental Health Research Network is
said to have been set up in 2004 - building on the above network.
Also see October 2005 UK Mental Health Research Network
launched (See
NHS Archive) -
current website
1.3.2003 Launch of the
Mental Health in Higher Education website.
10.6.2003
archive -
23.10.2005
archive -
Report of activity
2003-2004 -
offline -
current website
Spring 2003: First publication of
The Naked Bird Watcher by
Suzy
Johnston. The second and updated edition (ISBN
0954809203) was published in August 2004 by The Cairn.
"The sanity birds glided seamlessly through my dream... Then
one bird fell.
Screaming it dropped from the clouds... Then another. And
another, until
the screaming was unbearable and even the clouds hurried to
leave."
|
|
International leadership exchange First Network Meeting in
Birmingham, UK in May 2003. The result of a plan developed by Mental
Health Corporations of America, Inc. (MHCA) to link their leaders with
colleagues in England. The aim was to share experiences in service
development and innovation in order to improve the quality of services for
consumers. Network Meetings followed in 2004 in Washington DC (USA)
-
2005 Wellington, New Zealand - 2006 Edinburgh (Scotland) -
2007 Ottawa - 2009 Brisbane (Australia) -
2010 Killarney (Ireland) - 2011 San Francisco (USA) -
2013 Auckland (Australia) - 2014 Manchester (England) -
(website)
[See 9.6.2014]
|
May 2003 Start of three year
Royal College of Psychiatrists
study
investigating the community lives of people who previously
lived in a
mental hospital. The "Living Project" will explore the social
environment
which replaced the fixed structures of a closed psychiatric
hospital,
investigating the problems ex-patients may experience, such as
poverty and
social exclusion. It hopes to provide a better understanding
of the
everyday lives of people with serious mental illness who live
in the
community
July 2003
Consumers in NHS
Research changed its name to "INVOLVE - promoting public
involvement in NHS, public health and social care research".
Members of the group
- archive -
in January 2009 include - Peter Beresford
- Alison
Faulkner and
Mary Nettle
23.9.2003 Sun headline
BONKERS BRUNO LOCKED UP
NOT "National hero and boxer Frank Bruno admitted,
under a section of the
Mental Health Act, to
Goodmayes
psychiatric hospital"
(external source)
|
|
October 2003:
Annette Crawford elected vice chair
of Mencap's national assembly
(archive) "A
woman from Northern Ireland has become the first person with a
learning disability to be elected as vice chair of Mencap's national
assembly".
Tuesday 18.11.2003
"Black mental health in Britain" on Radio 4, with: PANELISTS
Paul Gray,
a former patient - Mike Shooter, Royal College of Psychiatrists -
Kamlesh Patel, "Delivering Race Equality: A Framework for Action" -
Rosemarie Mallett, Brent Black African and Caribbean Mental Health
Consortium - Kwame McKenzie, Psychiatrist
AUDIENCE:
Peter Scott Blackman,
Afiya Trust -
Claire Felix, Race Equality at Rethink -
Julianna Fredericks, ISIS, SE6 -
Shahid Sardar, Editor of Diverse Minds (Mind) -
Cashain David, Southside Partnership Fanon Care -
Celina Hudson-Momodu, Ebony Housing Association
N18 -
Bakhtiar Hormoz, Director of Songhaia (social housing) -
Aadam Mohammad, a manager at Advance -
Peter Ferns, author of Letting Through Light -
Alex Gordon, Men of Vision -
Sandra Griffiths, Co-ordinator of
The Mellow Campaign
-
Eileen Phillips, A Better Way Ahead, a personal development programme for
black people -
Sidney Millen,
Chair of
Tower Hamlets African and Caribbean Mental Health [Organisation]
-
Dominic Walker, "Director of Role Players Training Consultancy"
-
Malcolm Phillips. Oremi Centre, Goldbourne Road
W10 -
Tel 020 964 0033.
The Nile Centre (an alternative to hospital)
Foulden Road N16 -
Bishop Burrell, New Testament Church of God -
Melba Wilson,
Centre for Mental Health Services Development -
Dele Olajide, psychiatrist -
Aggrey Burke, psychiatrist -
Chinyere Inyama, solicitor -
Wendy Lanham, Consultant Clinical Psychologist
-
Angela Linton Abulu, Black Women's Mental Health Project
[Brent]
Commission for Equality and Human Rights to
replace
Disability
Rights Commission, Commission for Racial Equality
and Equal
Opportunities Commission.
(Mind's response)
10.12.2003 Placed Amongst Strangers
The Mental Health Act
Commission's Tenth Biennial Report.
The Guardian report compares the
Mental
Health Act Commission to the Lunacy
Commission.
Visit the commission's website.
The report
takes its name from a passage from John Perceval
"Instead of my understanding being addressed and enlightened,
and my path
being made as clear and plain as possible, in consideration of
my
confusion, I was ... placed amongst strangers, without
introduction, explanation or exhortation..."
John Perceval (1840)
A Narrative of the Treatment Experienced by a Gentleman,
During a State of Mental Derangement
Wednesday 17.12.2003 Report of the Independent Inquiry into the
death of David Bennett
[Rocky Bennett] -
online -
archive
|
Promoting Mental Health: Strategy and Action Plan 2003-2008
Department of Health Social Services and Public Safety (DHSSPS) (2003)
Belfast: The Stationery Office.
|
Butabika-East London Link: A link between East London NHS Foundation
Trust and
Butabika
Hospital
in
Uganda
started in 2003 with an introduction
from
Tropical Health Education Trust. See
website - Molly Meacher chair from 2005 to
2010 - Cerdic Hall Professional Development Nurse and Global Health
Partnerships Co-ordinator at East London NHS Mental Health Trust from
October 2005 to November 2012 - Heartsounds 2008 -
Cerdic Hall chair 2012 to 2014 - Dave Baillie current chair (2016).
Eddie Nkurunungi: "Around 2004 and 2005, Trusts were turning into
Foundations, and it was a requirement for these Trusts to have service user
votes on the board. One of the boxes to tick, like service user ###,
develop a link with a developing country...
The
British Sociological Association's Medical
Sociology Group established a Sociology of Mental Health Study Group in
2004
16.1.2004
Draft Comprehensive and Integral International Convention
on the Protection and Promotion of the
Rights and Dignity of Persons with Disabilities
January 2004 Debate on
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Is it best
considered as a cultural construct or a genetic disease?
(Psychiatric Bulletin)
Janury 2004 Changing Public Representations of Mental Illness in
Britain
1870-
1970 by
Vicky Long
2.2.2004 BBC One Inside Out story alleges
psychiatric patients "absconding" in large numbers.
Make sure
you read the Readers' Comments.
May 2004 Mencap launches
Ask Mencap website.
14.6.2004
Results of Mencap's Breaking Point
consultation
published
22.6.2004
The Guardian
corrects itself for saying
"the elderly and
disabled"
and announces that
"This week is learning disability week".
August 2004 Film
Afterlife
stars Paula Sage whose "possible film roles" are "limited by
her Down's
Syndrome". "Paula is also competing in the 2005 Special
Olympics in
Netball"
14.9.2004
Rethink put
Winston Churchill in a straitjacket to protest
against the
public stigma on severe mental illness. In 1910 Churchill urged sterilisation so
that "the
sources from which the stream of madness is fed should be cut
off". The point of the straitjacket campaign, however, was
that Churchill
suffered from severe depression and Rethink thought Britain
would have
suffered if he had been prevented from running the country
during the
second world war.
|
Late 2004 Scottish Recovery Network formally launched as an
initiative within The National Programme for Improving Mental Health and
Wellbeing -
website - See
April May 2005 - See
recovery movement
|
2005 Of 32,000 psychiatric care beds in the United Kingdom 7,600
were provided by the independent sector. This market was worth about
£800 million.
(see Affinity)
January 2005
Mad Mary Lamb: Lunacy and Murder in Literary
London by
Susan Tyler Hitchcock will be published. This is a
biographical companion
to the writings of
a madhouse
patient
who, having murdered her mother, was released to the
community and became
story teller and poet to generations of children.
|
January 2005 When Jean Johnson's daughter, Suzy, had a
mental
breakdown at
university
she insisted on carrying on and succeeded in graduating. Then
came another
breakdown, even more devastating, and Jean had the fight of
her life to
understand what was happening to the daughter she loved. In
To Walk on
Eggshells, Jean shares what she discovered.
Suzy has already told her story.
|
January 2005
National Institute for Mental Health in England issued
its
Guiding Statement on Recovery -
(See recovery movement)
11.1.2005 Delivering race equality in mental health care, an
Action Plan for reform
inside and outside services; and the Government's response to the
independent inquiry into the
death of David Bennett
(Copy at Manchester)
25.1.2005 First
internet archive of
Mental Health Act Commission website.
February 2005 Edward Shorter A Historical Dictionary of
Psychiatry published by Oxford University Press.
15.3.2005 to 17.3.2005
Mind's
Annual Conference
held in Harrogate. Theme "Stepping up to excellence".
April 2005 Centre of Excellence in Interdisciplinary Mental
Health at Birmingham University began to recruit staff. The
official launch was after a purpose designed building was
completed.
7.4.2005 Royal Assent to the English
Mental Capacity Act
2005
21.4.2005: Survivors' history People met in London
to create a
history and archive of
mental health users/survivors
July 2005 Hackney Action on Learning Difficulty,
founded 1982
held
its last monthly meeting - We ran out of money -
Click here to see if we survive
15.8.2005 Voluntary Sector Mental Health Providers Forum
incorporated as a charitable company limited by guarantee (Company No.
5536120). It was registered as a charity on 24.7.2007. (Charity No.
1120222) -
(website)
26.8.2005:
Person-centred planning leads to improved life experiences for
people with
learning disabilities, though not all, says new
report -
archive
On 1.9.2005 it was the
Manic Depressive Fellowship. On
3.9.2005 it was MDF The
Bipolar Organisation.
(Internet archive)
28.9.2005:
first ever national survey about the lives of people with
learning
difficulties -
partial archive
4.9.2005 to 8.9.2005
World Federation for Mental Health 28th congress held in Cairo,
Egypt,with the theme "Equity and Mental Health".
November/December 2005 Count me in
Results of a national census of inpatients in mental health
hospitals and facilities in England and Wales
(a copy)
The Equalities Bill, going through the UK Parliament,
would establish a "Commission for Equality and Human Rights"
in place of
the Equal Opportunities Commission, The Commission for Racial
Equality and
the Disability Rights Commission
"Our society is based on the belief
that everyone has a contribution to
make and has the right to control their
own lives. This value drives our society
and will also drive the way in which we
provide social care. This is a vision for all adults.
It includes older people and younger
adults who need care and support,
people who are frail, people with a
disability or mental health problems..."
"Services should ... support independence, not
dependence and allow everyone to
enjoy a good quality of life, including
the ability to contribute fully to our
communities. They should treat people
with respect and dignity and support
them in overcoming barriers to
inclusion. They should be tailored to
the religious, cultural and ethnic needs
of individuals. They should focus on
positive outcomes and well-being, and
work proactively to include the most
disadvantaged groups."
|
|
16.1.2006 Aparna Sen's film 15 Park Avenue released in India
Meethi, played by Konkona Sen Sharma, is the schizophrenic who imajines she
lives in 15 Park Avenue.
See critcal review by
Jayasree Kalathil
|
Spring 2006
Asylum to Action
Paddington
Day Hospital
, Therapeutic Communities and Beyond by
Helen Spandler.
See also the MPU website.
23.3.2006 UK Government Press Release:
New
shorter Bill to amend existing Mental Health Act (Press Release
DH_4132068) -
Thursday 13.4.2006
Survivor's Poetry launched the full volume of
David Kessel's Collected Poems (1970-2006 "O
the Windows of
the Bookshop Must be Broken" with emotional readings, by David
himself, at
the
Poetry Cafe. Also launched: Lee Wilson: You've
got an
eyelash and readings from Dino Campana - Selected
Works by the
translator Christina Viti.
|
Thursday 29.6.2006: Irish Mental Health Coalition (IMHC) launched
its
manifesto in Buswell's Hotel, Dublin. The coalition aims to campaign for
the improvement and prioritisation of mental health services in Ireland.
The organisers of the campaign are Amnesty International, Bodywhys - The
Eating Disorders Association of Ireland,
GROW in Ireland, The
Irish Advocacy Network and
Schizophrenia Ireland. "For the first
time, Irish organisations are formally uniting with the aim of harnessing
the support of all stakeholders to campaign for improvement in mental
health services".
|
8.11.2006 Email from Peter Cracknell of
http://www.countyasylums.com listing the county and borough
asylums and public and subscription hospitals stiil open as psychiatric
hospitals:
Eleven English and four Welsh that were county or borough hospitals before
the inception of the National Health Service. Seven other surviving
hospitals were voluntary hospitals, or otherwise not county or borough
asylums, before the inception of the National Health Service.
Each of these currently has
in-patient facilities still using the main asylum buildings. Excluded from
the list are any where the site remains only in partial use
such as villas in grounds or a fraction of main complex. Two, marked red,
are due to close within one year. Others, marked brown, are proposed for
closure.
Goodmayes Hospital, Essex
Hellesdon Hospital, Norwich
Kingsway Hospital, Derbyshire
Runwell Hospital, Essex
St Clement's Hospital, Ipswich
St James' Hospital, Portsmouth
St Luke's Hospital, Middlesbrough
St Martin's Hospital, Canterbury
Royal Shrewsbury Hospital (Shelton)
Springfield Hospital, London
Stone House Hospital
Wales
Cefn Coed Hospital, Swansea
Glanrhyd hospital, Glamorgan
St Cadoc's hospital, Newport
Whitchurch hospital, Cardiff
Seven other English hospitals
The Bethlem Royal Hospital
Maudsley Hospital
The Retreat, York [Not NHS]
Bootham Park Hospital, York
Wonford House Hospital, Exeter
Warneford Hospital
St Andrew's Hospital Northampton [Not NHS]
Two hospitals use approximately half or more of the asylum property to
include inpatient services:
St Nicholas' Hospital (Newcastle)
St Bernard's Hospital, London
|
21.11.2006
Innovative Approaches in Mental Health Research Seminar
at the Royal College of Psychiatrists. Andrew Roberts was invitedby Chris
Fitch as a
reward for running this timeline. (Thank you). This was the first of four
ESRC (Economic and Social Research Council) funded conferences
(programme) - This one in London - next in
Manchester - next in
Nottingham (not invited) - Final one in
Essex.
An
archive website is preserved, but it is no longer possible to
download the soundtracks and slides. I have copies.
1. Introduction by Chris Fitch and John Larsen, the London Seminar
Organisers, and
Sheila Hollins, President of the Royal College of Psychiatrists
6.
Tom Craig from the Institute of Psychiatry: Beyond epidemiology:
combining quantitative and qualitative approaches
7.
Hester Parr "Collaborative film-making as
method" on a film by
LUNA
8.
Lisa Blackman
Embodiment and voice-hearing
on research she was enabled to
do by the
Hearing Voices Network -
9. Summary:
Sue Estroff and audience discussion
The Department of Health's
"What's New" webpage includes details of the new Mental Health
Bill.
2006/2007 The McPin Foundation was registered as company 6010593 on
27.11.2006 and as charity 1117336 on 20.12.2006. It is
"a small charitable foundation that specialises in mental health research,
championing people's lived experience in research so mental health is
improved in communities everywhere. We deliver research in collaboration
with partners, we provide public and patient involvement in mental health
research consultancy and seek to influence the mental health research
agenda. We work across England." -
history
website
January 2007
The Fundamental Facts - The latest facts and figures
on mental health produced by the
Mental Health Foundation. Most of the data relates to "Britain"
(England, Wales and Scotland) or to "England and Wales". It is arranged in
sections: "Extent..." on how many people with different type of mental
health problems - "Differences" on gender, age, ethnic group etc - "Factors
related" on deprivation, family etc - "Treatment" on number of people
treated and type of treatment - "Cost" including economic, health and
violence.
Tuesday 20.3.2007
Social exclusion, social inequality and mental health
A one-day seminar funded by the Economic and Social Research Council at
The University of Manchester. By clicking on the title link you can
download all the presentations. [We seem to have lost that]
28.3.2007 to 29.3.2007
Mind's
Annual Conference
held in Bournemouth. Theme "Moving and shaking: Making services
work for all"
1.4.2007 Stand to Reason launched -
website
-
Disability Now article -
Breaking glass ceilings
January 2008 -
10.6.2009
-
30.4.2011
Friday 30.3.2007
3rd Annual UWE Bristol, History of Health and Social Care Conference
Health and Welfare in the Spaces of Confinement
22.6.2007 "Mental Health and Human Rights: Sociological
Perspectives" BSA Sociology of Mental Health Study Group symposium.
University of Warwick. External link to
report by Lydia Lewis
new website
- Mike Carpenter's
presentation on human rights
July 2007 National Review Workshop on Gender and Mental
Health held at
Velha Goa (Old Goa, India). See
Bhargavi Davar
2015
19.7.2007 Royal Assent to the
2007 Mental Health Act
19.8.2007 to 23.8.2007
World Federation for Mental Health congress held in
Hong Kong, China, with the theme "East Meets West: Impact of Culture on
Mental Health".
website
25.8.2007
£18m to combat mental health stigma. £16 million
from the Big Lottery Fund plus £2 million from Comic Relief, to
"Moving People" (which became
Time to Change), a
mental health charity partnership that includes the Institute of
Psychiatry, King's College London, Mental Health Media, Mind and Rethink.
"Based on a successful model run in New Zealand and Scotland".
3.9.2007
The Lancet series
global mental health, leading to
Movement for
Global Mental Health
Friday 28.9.2007
The life world and emotional wellbeing [Link lost].
A one-day seminar funded by the Economic and Social Research Council at
The University of Nottingham
October 2007 Publication by Stefan Priebe, Rosemarie Mccabe, and
others of experiment with Dialogue a structured patient-clinician
dialogue to focus on patients' views. Questions asked how satisfied the
patient was with his or her mental health, physical health, job situation,
accommodation, leisure activities, friendships, partner/family, personal
safety, medication, practical help received, and consultations with mental
health professionals. See
mental health partnerships
10.10.2007 (World Mental Health Day). Announcement of National
Health Service (England) initiative "Improving Access to Psychological
Therapies". See
Wikipedia and
Nikki
Llewellyn
1.11.2007 Interview (Coventry University) with Shelley Jofre about
her Panorama investigations on psychiatric drugs, in particular the
antidepressent
Seroxat -
external -
offline
Tuesday 4.12.2007 an Wednesday 5.12.2007 "Unhealthy
Professional Boundaries? Working Together in Health and Social Care"
London, United Kingdom. An International Conference on Interdisciplinary
Research and Interprofessional Practice in Health and Social Care. Held at
Goodenough College.
Offline programme shows sessions on user invlovment in health
and well being and in interprofessional working. See
Rohan Borschmann and
others 2007.
About 22.1.2008
Kjell Magne Bondevik of Norway spoke to UK members of parliament
about his experiences. Launch of
Stand to Reason's campaign "Breaking glass ceilings in mental
health" focusing on Westminster as a workplace. -
undated
Press Release -
Jeremy Paxman's blog and
comments -
Society Guardian - See
2.2.2011
"The impact of maternal mental health problems on infants in
high income countries has been identified mostly in terms of psychosocial
and emotional development, thanks to the groundbreaking early work of Spitz
and of
Bowlby, who studied the emotional needs of
infants and mother-child attachment."
20.6.2008
A New Vision for Mental Health -
leading to
A Future Vision for Mental Health on 7.7.2009
Tuesday 22.7.2008 Last of the summer series of Radio Four's "All in
the Mind". "The series will return in November. The presenter, Claudia
Hammond is also making a series on the history of mental health care called
State of Mind. If you were treated for a mental health problem
in the 50s, 60s or 70s or worked in the field at that time she'd love to
hear about your experiences - good or bad."
(source)
|
July 2008 The British Journal of Psychiatry announced
"Psychiatry's 200th Birthday" - an event that might otherwise have gone
unnoticed. External link to
issue contents -
Link to 1808.
|
Summer (July?) 2008 First issue of
Time Together,
Together's free magazine.
It was described as a "relaunch" of the magazine
Rapport and
continued twice yearly until Winter 2011.
October 2008 (onwards?)
Nine
CLAHRC pilots established by the
NIHR. The basic partnership was between NHS
Trusts and Universities, but others were added.
CLAHRC North west London
was launched in February 2019.
|
|
Afghanistan
November 2008
About 2009 to 2012 Patrick Vernon Chief Executive of the
Afiya Trust.
|
|
State of Mind broadcasting over 5 weeks from 7.1.2009, at
9pm on
Radio 4 each Wednesday. -
-
BBC website -
|
Synopsis : In any one year in the UK, one in four of us will suffer a
mental health problem. Claudia Hammond explores how the treatment and
understanding of mental illness has changed over the past 50 years, with
the help of Radio 4 listeners who responded to an appeal for testimonies.
All those who were asked conceded that it's better to have a mental health
problem now than at any other time in the last half century. Yet there were
reservations
7.1.2009
Total institutions episode
Sound clips include
Moyna Peters (patient) about
Netherne Hospital, Surrey. -
Patricia Hornsby Smith
election
broadcast -
Peter Barham -
Henry Rollin (Horton 1950) -
Carole Thompson nurse about
Rainhill in 1957
|
11.1.2009 - 12.1.2009 - 18.1.2009 - 19.1.2009
Committed: 11th, 12th, 18th, 19th January 2008, 7.30pm, The Finborough
Theatre. Poetry by John Clare, Robert Frost, Siegfried Sassoon, Charlotte
Mary Mew, Ezra Pound, Rev Charles Smart, William Cowper, Emily Dickinson,
Elizabeth Bishop and others who it has been suggested were mentally ill.
website
20.1.2009 Launch of
Time to Change - "England's most ambitious
programme to end discrimination faced by people who experience mental
health problems"
Time to Change was formerly named
Moving People. See
Stigma shout survey -
Nikki
Llewellyn joined Time for Change in 2011. THACMHO event
19.12.2013
February 2009
A brief history of the Mental Health Foundation
[Researched (not stated) by Ed Halliwell] - See
Mental Health Foundation
3.2.2009
Living well with dementia: A National Dementia Strategy:
"A vision for transforming dementia services with the aim
of achieving better awareness of dementia, early diagnosis and high quality
treatment".
13.2.2019 The
NIHR CLAHRC for Northwest London launched its community
engagement programme at the Wellcome Trust in Euston. The health research
programme, which will run over five years, is hosted at Chelsea and
Westminster Hospital and academically led by Imperial College London.
Representatives from patient groups, community organisations and the local
and national NHS came together to learn more about the specific patient and
public elements of the programme. The CLAHRC will provide members of the
public and patients with opportunities to shape health research into better
patient care.
The CLAHRC's patient representative, who has been instrumental in the
development of the CLAHRC from the early stages, John Hunter, gave a speech
emphasising the essential role of patient involvement in research to
improve the quality of healthcare for patients in northwest London and
beyond.
|
(source)
Alicia Renedo and Cicely Marston studied meetings and activities
of North West London
CLAHRC from 2009 to 2013 using various methods of observing the
interaction of the patient and public members. They
wrote about the way the participants did not just fit into a
space that was provided, but found ways to negotiate alterations.
|
It was not an average patient or member of the public who took part: Twenty
two people were interviewed: "almost all were white, educated, and had
professional backgrounds". Thirteen were retired and the mean age was 65
years. This was also the typical age. Codes of conduct included "wearing a
suit" (p.495)
|
|
"There was little evidence of
involvees coming from 'hard to reach' groups, although in two cases,
interviewees' first language was not English"
(Renedo and Marston 6.2015 p.493)
|
30.3.2009 Statement that the
Zito Trust would close with effect from 31.3.2009 -
offline - "Having achieved our original objectives" - "reforms"
having been ... incorporated into legislation, principally the
Mental Health Act 2007.
extra powers to manage "safely and therapeutically" "those most at risk of
harming themselves or other people" -
community treatment orders -
personality disorders to be included in NHS services - responsibility for
individual patients given to psychologists, psychotherapists and senior
nurses as well as psychiatrists to broaden the use of the range of
treatments now available - improved rights for victims of mentally
disordered offenders.
31.3.2009
The
Mental Health Act Commission ceased to exist but the Mental
Health Act Commissioners continued to function as part of the Care Quality
Commission. -
Care Quality Commission website
April 2009 Short lived English
National Mental Health Development Unit (NMHDU) launched to advise
on
national and international best practice to improve mental health and
mental health services. It succeeded the
National Institute for Mental Health in England (NIMHE).
NMHDU closed on
31.3.2011, but its publications and resources remained available on
its website for a while, and may still be recoverable from the
internet archive.
6.4.2009 BBC Radio 4:
Revealing the Mind Bender General -
A programme about
William Sargant's use of
insulin coma -
(offline)
5.5.2009 Launch of
This is Survivor Research
14.5.2009
EastEnders' Stacey faces bipolar disorder (Press Release) - See
Stacey Sectioned
1.6.2009 Launch of what became Collective Voice North West "a
regional network to develop service user, carer and public engagement". -
website - A conference was held in Liverpool
in July 2009 -
feedback video - Another in Manchester in
October 2009 -
feedback video -
23.7.2009 Publication of New Horizons: towards a shared vision
for mental health - consultation -
external -
offline
New Horizons claimed to be a total population mental health policy. Then
when the Conservative-Liberal coalition government took over, the policy
was initially stripped down to mere measurement, those biopolitical
elements that had been included in the Labour policy, housing,
support, poverty alleviation, education gone. Left was the bare
measurement of 'well-being', the extended version of the utilitarian's
'happiness' , to be administered by the 'big society'" (Alastair Kemp,
16.4.2011 - From a draft of his thesis).
|
[Welfare austerity? See
Social Science History Timeline]
14.7.2009 Shaping the Future of Care Together Green Paper
published by the Department of Works and Pensions and the Department of
Health (England and Wales). -
external link -
archive
Shaping the Future of Care sets out government plans to get
rid of Attendance Allowance and, depending on public reaction, also leaves
the way clear to end the care component of Disability Living Allowance. It
has prompted a campaign to "save Disability Living Allowance and Attendance
Allowance". -
external
link
archive
Time to Change Summer Campaign (August)
Two short videos - The Movie appearing as an
advertisement on popular websites - and a You Tube (etc) clip in which a
"schizophrenic man terrifies kids at party".
6.8.2009 First posting on the new
Mind blog -
archive
17.9.2009 Westminster Health Forum Mental Health:
"New Horizons"
- a new strategy for mental health and well-being. "With the ten-year
national service framework for mental health drawing to an end,
this
seminar will look at the New Horizons strategy, what the priorities should
be for the next mental health framework and what steps should be taken to
improve public mental health" -
External link
2.9.2009 to 6.9.2009
World Federation for Mental Health congress to be held in
Athens, Greece, with the theme "Working Together for Mental Health"
|
Thursday 3.9.2009 "Schizophrenic 'cooked victim's brain'" London
Informer - "NHS failure over cannibal killer Peter Bryan"
Mirror. Report on Peter Bryan's discharge from a secure
unit in Newham in February 2004 and murder of his friend Brian Cherry.
|
Picture: Front page of London Lite - "Unbelievable he was ever
thought safe" (Sub-editors precis - page 5 - of comment by
Marjorie Wallace of Sane).
10.9.2009 Consultation
Pandemic Influenza and the Mental Health Act 1983 -
offline
A consultation on temporary changes to the English Mental Health Act 1983
that might be required in the event of severe staff shortages during, and
in the aftermath of, an influenza pandemic.
14.9.2009 The Sainsbury Trust has called for every NHS mental health
trust to employ service users to promote recovery -
(external link) - See
2005
8.10.2009 Judy Fryd, a founder of
The Association of Parents of Backward
Children, was commemorated on a stamp as an eminent Briton
Friday 9.10.2009 "during Eastenders tonight ... they
were sectioning Stacey in front of our nation of 10 million soapwatchers"
(Jill Goble) - See Stacey
Press Release
Saturday 10.10.2009
The Time to Change Dance in Regents Park, London.
|
Making Recovery Real Roadshows in Thurso on 1.12.2009 -
Oban on 24.2.2010 - Stranraer on 24.3.2010 - See
brochure -
offline
Scottish Recovery
Network definition: "Recovery is being able to live a
meaningful and satisfying
life, as defined by each person, in the presence or absence of
symptoms. It is about having control over and input into your
own life. Each individual's recovery, like his or her experience
of the mental health problems or illness, is a unique and
deeply personal process."
Journeys of Recovery (2006)
|
8.1.2010 First
Association of Therapeutic Communities Research Workshop
discussed quantitative research to assess therapeutic value of community
treatment, and the value of qualitative research.
|
13.1.2010 Mind
announces that the March/April issue of
Openmind will be the last.
Campaign launched to save Openmind.
11.2.2010
Disability Now article
"Openmind Closure fear" by Sunil Peck.
Paul Farmer, Chief Executive of Mind "refused to rule out retaining
Openmind in its current form".
|
11.2.2010 Dorothy Rowe:
The Death of a Great Little Magazine
May 2010 The Chief Executive of Mind wrote to subscribers: "I am
pleased to announce that the publication of Openmind will recommence in
Autumn 2010. The views of our readers were highly influential in this
decision". See
below.
9.2.2010 Ajit Singh-Mahal (12 years old) found with fatal injuries
inflicted by his mother Satpal Kaur-Singh. "Mother killed her autistic son,
12, by forcing him to drink bleach as she 'feared that social services
would take him away'"
(Daily Mail 16.11.2010)
10.2.2010
Making the Case for the Social Sciences No. 1 -
Wellbeing .
Academy of Social Sciences and Economic and Social Research
Council.
Booklet
Friday 19.2.2010
"Well, just to give you a clue, if someone gets murdered on TV, it often
turns out to be the crazy person who dunnit...so who is the crazy person
in Eastenders?" Sheila on UKsurvivors
March 2010 Relaunch of
Asylum - The magazine for democratic psychiatry
19.3.2010
"A Pageant of Survivor History -
Mental patients in poetry, story and song from the 18th to 21st
century" -
Tower Hamlets' Africans in the 18th century - Voices from the asylums
- Mary Barnes and Kingsley Hall - Eric Irwin and Mental Patients Union -
Frank Bangay of Campaign Against Psychiatric Oppression - Peter Campbell of
Survivors Speak Out - David Kessel of Hackney Union of Mental Patients -
Sophie Mirrell from Core Arts - Eamer O'Keeffe: Irish women survivors -
29.3.2010 UK Policy:
"Building bridges to work: new approaches to tackling long-term
worklessness" - 30.3.2010 Mind:
"New benefit test will fail to spot illness and
disability"
Spring 2010 Achieving Equality in Health and Social Care - A
framework for action published by the Afiya Trust -
offline
6.5.2010
United Kingdom General Election that led to the formation of a Coalition
Government of Conservatives and Liberal Democrats.
26.5.2010 UK
"Coalition government sets out radical welfare
reforms" - 6.6.2010
Clare Allan
"Let's assess this government's cynical ruse rather than the mentally ill"
(Guardian articles) - 2.7.2010
Mind blog "Welfare reform - What we are
doing"
14.6.2010 Equality and
Human Rights Commission
calls in evidence on disability-
related harassment in Britain
30.6.2010 Mike Yeoman's analysis of the advantages and dangers of
celebrity culture -
(Time Together June 2010). "The real danger is in mental
health
being trivialised. The experiences of
everyday people who experience mental
health issues are vastly different from
those of a celebrity."
20.7.2010
Making the Case for the Social Sciences No. 2 -
Ageing .
Academy of Social Sciences with Age UK and the British Society
of Gerontology.
Booklet
24.9.2010 Barbara Taylor read her paper
"The demise of the asylum in late
twentieth-century Britain: A personal history" at the Royal
Historical Society.
Wednesday 20.10.2010
"Comprehensive Spending Review hits the poor and spares the
bankers"
(Peter Beresford) - "Predictably it's
'the poor what gets the blame', while the rich are still lined
up to get the pleasure".
Street Art, Curtain Road, Tower Hamlets. Art used to advertise
Mad Pride Demo Tuesday 26.10.2010
26.10.2010
Mad Pride protest at speakers corner over the spending cuts
Monday 1.11.2010 8.30 BBC 1 Panorama
What Have the Drugs Done to Dad?. Panorama visited Spring Mount
-
a residential care home in Yorkshire that avoids relying on anti-psychotic
drugs for dementia patients. They believe strongly in better staff training
and coping techniques for their patients.
Tuesday 16.11.2010 6.30pm "The Death of the Asylum in Late 20th
Century
Britain" Speakers: Peter Barham, Baroness Elaine Murphy, David Jones and
Barbara Taylor. Room G03, UCL, 26 Bedford Way, London WC1H. Admission free.
Global mental health inside stories began on
27.6.2013
2011 A
Joint Special Interest Group for Psychosis formed by Valentina
Short, Charles Fernyhough and Angela Woods in the Durham University and
Tees, Esk and Wear Valleys NHS Foundation Trust.
This aims to foster a dialogue between mental health professionals, service
users, academic researchers and students. Its website is called
Hearing the Voice - earliest archive
23.6.2012 says "we have been developing
Hearing the Voice since 2010". See
Voicewalks 2013.
2.2.2011 UK Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg announced plan to
repeal "Section 141 of the Mental Health Act" "which means that MPs at the
moment are disqualified from being MPs if they have a mental health problem
which goes on for more than six months"
2.2.2011
No Health Without Mental Health: a cross-Government mental health
outcomes strategy for people of all ages - a call to action.
Four pages with a lot of signatures:
Thursday 17.2.2011 and Friday 18.2.2011 "Health Rights in
Global Historical Perspective" Conference at the London School of Hygiene
and Tropical Medicine. Link to
call for papers.
27.3.2011
British Census 56 million
residents in England and Wales, of whom 86% were White, 8% were Asian/Asian
British and 3% were Black/African/Caribbean/Black British. Other sources
say White British people represent only 72.5% of the inpatient
episodes in mental health and learning disability trusts.
(source)
April 2011 The end of delivering race equality?: perspectives of
frontline workers and service-users from racialised groups
(a copy -
archive)
Tuesday 12.4.2011
"Mad Activism and
Academia"
19.7.2011 Memorandum and articles incorporating The Consortium
for Therapeutic Communities (TCTC). Amended by special resolution
registered at Companies House on 16.9.2011.
Company Number 07710399. Registered as a charity (1143955) on
30.10.2014
(Open Charities) -
website. See
Who Cares website
30.11.2010 which says "The
Charterhouse Group, the
Association of Therapeutic Communities and the
Planned Environment Therapy Trust have recently decided to
merge"
1.4.2011 to 31.3.2012
Afiya Trust
received £325,017 and spent £462,829 - 1.4.2012 to
31.3.2013 the Trust received £263,276 and spent
£306,213 - 1.4.2013 to 31.3.2014 the Trust received
£22,846 and spent £52,957 - 1.4.2014 to
31.3.2015 the Trust received £5,000 and spent £3,595 -
1.4.2015 to 31.3.2016 the Trust received nothing and spent
nothing. The Twitter account continued. -
Charity Commission -
Accounts 2011-2012 offline
1.7.2011 Launch of
Human Rights in Healthcare Website
26.9.2011 Mind
Daily Stigma
18.10.2011
"The repugnant moral rhetoric about benefit claimants echoes Victorian
prejudices about the 'undeserving poor'", writes Peter Beresford
Early October 2011 First issue of a Quarterly Mind Membership
News replaced a number of Mind
publications including
Mind Link Magazine and Diverse
Minds. A relaunched
OpenMind promised for November. External links to
OpenMind -
Mind membership -
MindLink -
Diverse Minds
December 2012
New service models in mental health: emerging lessons. A
SDO [Service Delivery and Organisation] Network Research Digest.
1.1.2012 Disability Rights UK was formed through a unification of
Disability Alliance, Radar and National Centre for Independent Living.
|
|
21.12.2012
First archive of Irene Tuffrey-Wijne's website
Breaking Bad
News
Irene was diagnosed as a breast cancer patient in April 2014, aged 50. She
began
blogging about it.
2.10.2012
"'Like a Death Sentence' - Abuses against Persons with Mental Disabilities
in Ghana". A
Human Right Watch report.
9.10.2012 Report that Patrick Vernon would be leaving
Afiya "after nearly four years of leading the trust's work". His
award of an OBE may be related.
International Year of Statistics started by the UK Coalition and
Labour opposition quoting different statistics about the relative rates at
which welfare benefits and wages had risen. The Department for Work and
Pensions statistics "show private sector wages rose by 12% on average over
the past five years, while many working-age benefits climbed by 20%,
in line with inflation." Labour published a report showing that in the
past ten years, jobseeker's allowance rose 32%, while average wages
rose slightly more, at 36%".
Guardian
January 2013 "Brian" started
antidepaware.co.uk the antidepresants awareness website.
2.3.2013 Sun says war on shirkers
The Conservative Party came third, after the United Kingdom Independence
Party, in a by-election at Eastleigh (28.2.2013). In 2006, David Cameron,
the leader of
the Conservative Part, described UKIP as full of "fruitcakes, loonies and
closet racists". After Eastleigh, The Sun wrote "The "loonies", Mr
Cameron, have already breached the walls of the asylum", and continued:
Defence Secretary Philip Hammond bravely raises his head above the parapet
to demand benefits should be slashed rather than troop numbers. The Sun
wholeheartedly agrees. Benefits and tax credits will cost £209
billion this year - one in every three pounds the Government spends. As
unemployment falls so should bloated, unsustainable welfare handouts.
The MoD may have to slash £1.2billion extra from its budget. Mr
Hammond points out it would take just a half a per cent from the welfare
budget to match the saving. The Lib Dems will squeak. But it's time to make
a firm stand for the world's best fighting forces.
|
"Transforming Communities for Inclusion of People with Psychosocial
Disabilities: A Trans-Asia initiative" workshop with
participants from Nepal, Bangladesh, China, India and the Philippines.
16.4.2013 to 19.4.2013 The Consortium of Institutes of Higher
Education in Health and Rehabilitation in Europe (COHEHRE) conference
Education for Citizenship and Participation in Health and Social
Care in
Kuopio, Finland included Nyla Mehdi, Elaine Ballantyne and Kirsten MacLean:
Mad People's History and Identity
Saturday 12.10.2013 Launch of
Voicewalks, a special edition
of StepAway Magazine, co-sponsored by
Hearing the Voice
at the Durham Book Festival. One of the entries, "Behind the Wall" by
Roz Oates describes her experiences of hearing men talking about
her and being unable to find them.
27.11.2013
Making the Case for the Social Sciences No. 9 - Mental Wellbeing
Campaign for Social Science and British Association for
Counselling and
Psychotherapy.
Booklet -
Launch videos
4.12.2013 The Court of Appeal upheld a decision by the Upper
Tribunal that the Work Capability Assessment discriminates against people
with mental health problems. A victory for the
Mental Health Resistance
Network.
|
2014
January 2014 CLAHRCs (Collaboration for Leadership in Applied
Health Research and Care) ticking louder. Thirteen CLAHRCs around England,
funded to 2018 were established by the
National Institute for Health Research
in place of the nine
CLAHRC pilots established
in October 2008.
|
26.1.2014
Lifetime achievement award for Archers's 'Peggy' amid praise of dementia
storyline
6.2.2014
Henry Rollin died in his sleep aged 102.
Thursday 6.2.2014
The Last Asylum. A memoir of madness in our time
Penguin.
Buy your copy
|
19.3.2014 UK budget cap
From April 2015, the
Government will only have
a certain amount of money
to spend on benefits like
Disability Living Allowance,
Personal Independence
Payment and Housing
Benefit.
See Easy Read Guide to the full budget
|
Friday 28.3.2014
"Developing Open Dialogue in the NHS" conference held in London.
Open Dialogue was developed in Finland in the 1980s and has been adopted in
the majority of Scandinavia, Germany and some US states, including the
Parachute project in New York . See Alex Langford
Open Dialogue: reflections on the model and the
evidence -
Open Dialogue at Feel
|
Wednesday 9.4.2014 - 11am "PROTEST - Justice for Victims of
Psychiatric Assault" - Outside the Royal Courts of Justice. - The Strand -
WC2A 2LL. - Nearest tube Temple - Wear wigs and gowns if available! Slogans
requested!
It is nigh on impossible to get a case into court for the physical and
mental damage caused by psychiatry - coercion, restraint, psych drugs
and Electroshock -
ECT. Due to the low possibility of success,
'no-win-no-fee' solicitors will not take on your case. If you represent
yourself you risk having to pay the costs for the other side which can
exceed £50,000.
|
|
9.4.2014
Disability hate crime rises by a third in London, research by people with
learning disabilities finds
30.4.2014 UK House of Lords launch of
The Council for Evidence Based Psychiatry. - Link to
article in
Canadian Medical Association Journal 9.6.2014 "New UK Council to
curb Psychiatry". See
2015.
8.7.2014
"There seems to be no understanding of mental health issues and how these
confusing things can make people feel. I have found the attitude of DWP
staff to be awful; they don't deal with issues sensitively. When I have
been at my lowest I was absolutely terrified of what was happening and
tried to explain this to the member of staff who had phoned me about my
money stopping due to failing the medical. I asked him what I was supposed
to do next and he replied 'Not my problem.' I can't even tell you how that
made me feel."
(One day at a time: examining the cumulative impact of welfare reform on
benefit claimants in Wales)
1.10.2014
Black and dangerous? Listening to patients' experiences of mental health
services in London
by Rebecca Omonira-Oyekanmi, published by openDemocracyUK
November 2014
We're NOT all in this together: the story of the closure
of the Independent Living Fund
from Moore Lavan Films
28.11.2014
The Guardian and Observer Christmas appeal 2014: mental health.
"Helping to challenge stigma and create more positive attitudes towards
mental illness is the theme of this year's appeal". The charities
supported:
Rethink Mental Illness -
Mind - Star Wards - Mac-UK - Kidstime
Foundation - Gardening Leave - the
Samaritans - the
Centre for Mental
Health -
Cooltan Arts.
Work finishes on the 11th revision of the International Classification of
Diseases.
See 10th.
January 2015 A fascinating edition of
Neuropsychiatry News
2.1.2015 UK Deputy Prime Minister
looking for mental health heros.
19.1.2015
Don't let money blues get you down
published by the Money Advice Service in association with the English
National Health Service.
22.1.2015
Is mental health finally becoming a political priority? A King's
Fund blog by Chris Naylor.
Friday 20.2.2015 Inspector Michael Brown
@MentalHealthCop
tweeted
"all the mental health law you need in your head in order to police, in
under 500 words"
26.2.2015
Care Quality Commission
response to the
Jimmy Savile investigation
Friday 6.3.2015
"No voice unheard, no right ignored
- a consultation for people with
learning disabilities, autism and
mental health conditions". Secretary of State for Health. Cm
9007
"Killer
pilot"
"Don't
stigmatise
depression"
|
Co-pilot Andreas Lubitz is alleged to have deliberately guided a German
plane into the Alps on Tuesday 24.3.2015, killing all 150 on board,
It was reported that he suffered from depression. On Sunday
29.3.2015
The Observer headlined a warning from Simon Wessely,
president of the UK Royal College of Psychiatrists that " depression should
not lead to a lifetime ban for commercial airline pilots".
|
Wednesday 1.4.2015 "The
Care Act heralds a new era for social care".
(Richard Hawkes in The Guardian)
10.4.2015 to 12.4.2015 "While we welcome people with direct
experience of mental illness, the course is not suitable for those
currently experiencing distress"
(Towards a Quaker View of Mental Health - Course notice)
16.5.2015 An International Day of Protest against
Psychiatric Electroshock. Announcements state that it is
"organised by three shock survivors: Ted Chabasinski from California, Debra
Schwartzkopff from Oregon, and Mary Maddock from Ireland". Protests to
begin in Rotorua, New Zealand, circle the globe, and end at an evening
forum in New York City.
(Link to "Mad in America" ECT blog)
20.5.2015
Patsy Staddon says
Alcohol is a pleasurable and attractive drug, easily accessible and
socially acceptable.
-
1.6.2015 Death of Charles Kennedy, Scottish Liberal Democrat MP.
- 3.6.2015
"Blurring the difference between a 'normal, fun life' and alcoholism is one
of this country's defining features". - 5.6.2015
Alastair Campbell
21.5.2015
Hackney Gazette -
8.6.2015
Hackney Citizen
June 2015 Fifty years anniversary of the
Kingsley Hall
Asylum. In July
Friends of East End Loonies reported on three
memorial
events
|
2.6.2015-3.6.2015 Rights for
Life: Supporting Recovery and Ending
Discrimination national conference on human rights and recovery
organised simultaneously online and in Glasgow by The Scottish Recovery
Network, See Me, and Voices Of eXperience -
Programme.
Followed by the launch of the
Rights for Life website.
(archives)
|
|
Friday 5.6.2015 to Sunday 7.6.2015
Mental Health Matters "Equipping Churches to Respond" to
"help make the church a welcoming, inclusive, understanding and caring
environment". (Organised by Methodists)
Wednesday 17.6.2015
The basic rights of people with a learning disability
are threatened by welfare cuts -
Being unemployed is a mental health issue
Friday 26.6.2015
Keeping mental health in mind: Opening up the history of mental health
in 20th Century Britain through the
Mind archive
|
At the Wellcome
Library, London. By invitation only
Speakers included
Barbara Taylor, John Stewart (Glasgow Caledonian University),
Teri Chettiar (Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin), Jonathan Toms,
Emma Hancox, Rhodri Hayward (Queen Mary University of London)
and John Hall (Oxford Brookes University).
|
Emma Hancox spoke on Cataloguing the Mind Archive - Rhodri
Hayward on General practice and mental health - John Stewart on
Child Guidance and the Mind Archive from the 1940s to 1970s - Teri
Chettiar on Inherently Unstable: On the Emotional Dangers of Adolescence
and the Natural Limits of Private Life - John Hall on Personal experience
of Mind and forming mental health policy - Sophie Corlett on
Mind's contemporary work - Jonathon Toms on The Problem of Authority and
its Significance for the Mind Archive - and
Barbara Taylor on the personal
archive that helped her write The Last Asylum and on the future of
survivor archives. This led to a discussion of the importance of
collecting and recording survivors' testimonies in archives.
Chris Millard has written a report of the day
|
Friday 10.7.2015 to Sunday 12.7.2015
New Forest Spectrum.
A music
festival for adults with learning difficulties at Lyndhurst in the New
Forest, Hampshire, England.
|
18.7.2015 Times Magazine article about Luke Montagu, Viscount
Hinchingbrooke, and his trouble with antidepressants
(Prozac and Seroxat)
leding to the foundation of
The Council for Evidence Based
Psychiatry. See report
(19.7.2015) on
AntiDepAware website.
25.7.2015
Google doodle marks the start of the
14th Special Olympics World Summer Games which runs in
Los Angeles until 2.8.2015.
16.11.2015 - 17.11.2015 First European Conference on Supported
Education held in Groningen, the Netherlands. Organised by the Hanze
University Groningen, Research Centre for Rehabilitation, in collaboration
with members of the Dutch RAAK Supported Education project and
organisations from Portugal, the Czech Republic and
Norway involved in supporting young adults with psychiatric disabilities in
education.
Tuesday 17.11.2015 to
Saturday 12.12.2015
"The Divided Laing, or, The Two Ronnies" a play by
Patrick Marmion about the many faces of
Ronald Laing, his colleagues, family, friends and
enemies and
Mary Barnes.
Performed at The Arcola Theatre, 24 Ashwin Street, London E8 3DL
17.12.2015 ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation News)
Melbourne, Australia:
Mental health patient sues Box Hill Hospital for assault after 'shock
therapy' against his will
2016
16.2.2016 Press Release from Speak Out Against Psychiatry "On
February 20th, 2016, from 2pm until 5pm, there will be a protest at
the Australian High Commission, Australia House, Strand, London, WC2B 4LA
against the forced Electroshock of Garth Daniels purporting to be a
psychiatric 'treatment'. Garth Daniels is being given Electroshock (ECT)
to his brain against his will, against his Advance Directive and against
his family's wishes. He has been given over 50 ECTs and it is ongoing. They
want to brain damage him into submission. Garth has also been tied to his
bed for 69 days straight. He missed his Tribunal as he was tied to his
bed." Protests are taking place
in London and
Victoria, Australia
|
for a Kinder world - human qualities
which service users value include: warmth - empathy - respect - listening -
treating people with equality - reliability - being non-judgemental (page
307)
Wednesday 11.5.2016 All our welfare debate on the future of the welfare
state and launch of book
All Our Welfare: Towards a participatory social policy by
Peter Beresford.
|
The debate was chaired by David Brindle, public services
editor of the Guardian, and the panellists were John McDonnell, Labour's
Shadow Chancellor - Natalie Bennett, Leader of the Green Party -
Chris Goulden, Head of Poverty Team at the Joseph Rowntree Foundation,
Suzy Croft, Palliative Care Social Worker and Team Leader St John's Hospice
London and Peter Beresford.
The book argues that the theories and practice of welfare
service-user involvement offer a blueprint for a new participatory
social policy. Peter Beresford says
"There have tended to be a limited range of relationships in public
servive. There has been the traditional paternalistc/'doing good' model
from charity; the public service approach of the post-war welfare state
and, more recently, the exchange relationship of the market which has been
grafted on to it. But another model has also begun to emerge from service
users and their organisations... based on equality, shared experience and
understanding." (All our Welfare page 306).
|
Following
the referendum vote to leave the European Community, Peter
Beresford is concerned that what the
people say they want may destroy
"institutions we need and love, from the
National Health Service and Universities like Essex, to the schools our
children need and the libraries and public spaces that bring joy
and meaning to our lives"
flyer
|
16.5.2016 Launch of "Heads Together" campaign at Queen Elizabeth
Olympic Park, Stratford, east London, by William, Kate and Harry Windsor.
website -
Mind website -
Guardian article March 2017
2017
January 2017 Awake, magazine distributed in print and online
by the Jehovah;s Witnesses, featured
"Teen Depression. Why?
What can help?"
Wednesday 3.5.2017
"Aaron Lennon: Everton winger detained under Mental
Health Act"
2.9.2017 to 28.10.2017 "It's how well you bounce" exhibition
at Bethlem Gallery. See
events and
BBC.
2018
If I am still here. But if not, why not write your own?
2019
2019 The new
Medicine Galleries at the Science Museum in South Kensington are
due to open. As part of this, the museum is seeking to form a small group
of people with personal experience of the change in the mental health
policy that occurred in the 1970s-1980s and resulted in the closure of
asylums and a move into 'care in the community'.
Study
Link
Andrew Roberts' web Study Guide
Top
of
Page
Take a Break - Read a Poem
Click coloured words to go where
you
want
Andrew Roberts likes to hear from users:
To contact
him, please
use the Communication
Form
© Andrew Roberts
1981- (meaning 1981 onwards)
My referencing suggestion for this page is a bibliography
entry:
Roberts, Andrew
1981-/timeline - Mental Health History
Timeline
<http://studymore.org.uk/mhhtim.htm>
and intext references to
(Roberts, A. 1981/timeline date).
For example: "(Roberts, A. 1981/timeline 1842)"
See ABC
Referencing for general advice.